Theory Infinite_Sum
section ‹Infinite sums›
text ‹In this theory, we introduce the definition of infinite sums, i.e., sums ranging over an
infinite, potentially uncountable index set with no particular ordering.
(This is different from series. Those are sums indexed by natural numbers,
and the order of the index set matters.)
Our definition is quite standard: $s:=\sum_{x\in A} f(x)$ is the limit of finite sums $s_F:=\sum_{x\in F} f(x)$ for increasing $F$.
That is, $s$ is the limit of the net $s_F$ where $F$ are finite subsets of $A$ ordered by inclusion.
We believe that this is the standard definition for such sums.
See, e.g., Definition 4.11 in \<^cite>‹"conway2013course"›.
This definition is quite general: it is well-defined whenever $f$ takes values in some
commutative monoid endowed with a Hausdorff topology.
(Examples are reals, complex numbers, normed vector spaces, and more.)›
theory Infinite_Sum
imports
Elementary_Topology
"HOL-Library.Extended_Nonnegative_Real"
"HOL-Library.Complex_Order"
begin
subsection ‹Definition and syntax›
definition HAS_SUM :: ‹('a ⇒ 'b :: {comm_monoid_add, topological_space}) ⇒ 'a set ⇒ 'b ⇒ bool›
where has_sum_def: ‹HAS_SUM f A x ≡ (sum f ⤏ x) (finite_subsets_at_top A)›
abbreviation has_sum (infixr "has'_sum" 46) where
"(f has_sum S) A ≡ HAS_SUM f A S"
definition summable_on :: "('a ⇒ 'b::{comm_monoid_add, topological_space}) ⇒ 'a set ⇒ bool" (infixr "summable'_on" 46) where
"f summable_on A ≡ (∃x. (f has_sum x) A)"
definition infsum :: "('a ⇒ 'b::{comm_monoid_add,t2_space}) ⇒ 'a set ⇒ 'b" where
"infsum f A = (if f summable_on A then Lim (finite_subsets_at_top A) (sum f) else 0)"
abbreviation abs_summable_on :: "('a ⇒ 'b::real_normed_vector) ⇒ 'a set ⇒ bool" (infixr "abs'_summable'_on" 46) where
"f abs_summable_on A ≡ (λx. norm (f x)) summable_on A"
syntax (ASCII)
"_infsum" :: "pttrn ⇒ 'a set ⇒ 'b ⇒ 'b::topological_comm_monoid_add" ("(3INFSUM (_/:_)./ _)" [0, 51, 10] 10)
syntax
"_infsum" :: "pttrn ⇒ 'a set ⇒ 'b ⇒ 'b::topological_comm_monoid_add" ("(2∑⇩∞(_/∈_)./ _)" [0, 51, 10] 10)
translations
"∑⇩∞i∈A. b" ⇌ "CONST infsum (λi. b) A"
syntax (ASCII)
"_univinfsum" :: "pttrn ⇒ 'a ⇒ 'a" ("(3INFSUM _./ _)" [0, 10] 10)
syntax
"_univinfsum" :: "pttrn ⇒ 'a ⇒ 'a" ("(2∑⇩∞_./ _)" [0, 10] 10)
translations
"∑⇩∞x. t" ⇌ "CONST infsum (λx. t) (CONST UNIV)"
syntax (ASCII)
"_qinfsum" :: "pttrn ⇒ bool ⇒ 'a ⇒ 'a" ("(3INFSUM _ |/ _./ _)" [0, 0, 10] 10)
syntax
"_qinfsum" :: "pttrn ⇒ bool ⇒ 'a ⇒ 'a" ("(2∑⇩∞_ | (_)./ _)" [0, 0, 10] 10)
translations
"∑⇩∞x|P. t" => "CONST infsum (λx. t) {x. P}"
print_translation ‹
let
fun sum_tr' [Abs (x, Tx, t), Const (@{const_syntax Collect}, _) $ Abs (y, Ty, P)] =
if x <> y then raise Match
else
let
val x' = Syntax_Trans.mark_bound_body (x, Tx);
val t' = subst_bound (x', t);
val P' = subst_bound (x', P);
in
Syntax.const @{syntax_const "_qinfsum"} $ Syntax_Trans.mark_bound_abs (x, Tx) $ P' $ t'
end
| sum_tr' _ = raise Match;
in [(@{const_syntax infsum}, K sum_tr')] end
›
subsection ‹General properties›
lemma infsumI:
fixes f g :: ‹'a ⇒ 'b::{comm_monoid_add, t2_space}›
assumes ‹(f has_sum x) A›
shows ‹infsum f A = x›
by (metis assms finite_subsets_at_top_neq_bot infsum_def summable_on_def has_sum_def tendsto_Lim)
lemma infsum_eqI:
fixes f g :: ‹'a ⇒ 'b::{comm_monoid_add, t2_space}›
assumes ‹x = y›
assumes ‹(f has_sum x) A›
assumes ‹(g has_sum y) B›
shows ‹infsum f A = infsum g B›
using assms infsumI by blast
lemma infsum_eqI':
fixes f g :: ‹'a ⇒ 'b::{comm_monoid_add, t2_space}›
assumes ‹⋀x. (f has_sum x) A ⟷ (g has_sum x) B›
shows ‹infsum f A = infsum g B›
by (metis assms infsum_def infsum_eqI summable_on_def)
lemma infsum_not_exists:
fixes f :: ‹'a ⇒ 'b::{comm_monoid_add, t2_space}›
assumes ‹¬ f summable_on A›
shows ‹infsum f A = 0›
by (simp add: assms infsum_def)
lemma summable_iff_has_sum_infsum: "f summable_on A ⟷ (f has_sum (infsum f A)) A"
using infsumI summable_on_def by blast
lemma has_sum_infsum[simp]:
assumes ‹f summable_on S›
shows ‹(f has_sum (infsum f S)) S›
using assms summable_iff_has_sum_infsum by blast
lemma has_sum_cong_neutral:
fixes f g :: ‹'a ⇒ 'b::{comm_monoid_add, topological_space}›
assumes ‹⋀x. x∈T-S ⟹ g x = 0›
assumes ‹⋀x. x∈S-T ⟹ f x = 0›
assumes ‹⋀x. x∈S∩T ⟹ f x = g x›
shows "(f has_sum x) S ⟷ (g has_sum x) T"
proof -
have ‹eventually P (filtermap (sum f) (finite_subsets_at_top S))
= eventually P (filtermap (sum g) (finite_subsets_at_top T))› for P
proof
assume ‹eventually P (filtermap (sum f) (finite_subsets_at_top S))›
then obtain F0 where ‹finite F0› and ‹F0 ⊆ S› and F0_P: ‹⋀F. finite F ⟹ F ⊆ S ⟹ F ⊇ F0 ⟹ P (sum f F)›
by (metis (no_types, lifting) eventually_filtermap eventually_finite_subsets_at_top)
define F0' where ‹F0' = F0 ∩ T›
have [simp]: ‹finite F0'› ‹F0' ⊆ T›
by (simp_all add: F0'_def ‹finite F0›)
have ‹P (sum g F)› if ‹finite F› ‹F ⊆ T› ‹F ⊇ F0'› for F
proof -
have ‹P (sum f ((F∩S) ∪ (F0∩S)))›
by (intro F0_P) (use ‹F0 ⊆ S› ‹finite F0› that in auto)
also have ‹sum f ((F∩S) ∪ (F0∩S)) = sum g F›
by (intro sum.mono_neutral_cong) (use that ‹finite F0› F0'_def assms in auto)
finally show ?thesis .
qed
with ‹F0' ⊆ T› ‹finite F0'› show ‹eventually P (filtermap (sum g) (finite_subsets_at_top T))›
by (metis (no_types, lifting) eventually_filtermap eventually_finite_subsets_at_top)
next
assume ‹eventually P (filtermap (sum g) (finite_subsets_at_top T))›
then obtain F0 where ‹finite F0› and ‹F0 ⊆ T› and F0_P: ‹⋀F. finite F ⟹ F ⊆ T ⟹ F ⊇ F0 ⟹ P (sum g F)›
by (metis (no_types, lifting) eventually_filtermap eventually_finite_subsets_at_top)
define F0' where ‹F0' = F0 ∩ S›
have [simp]: ‹finite F0'› ‹F0' ⊆ S›
by (simp_all add: F0'_def ‹finite F0›)
have ‹P (sum f F)› if ‹finite F› ‹F ⊆ S› ‹F ⊇ F0'› for F
proof -
have ‹P (sum g ((F∩T) ∪ (F0∩T)))›
by (intro F0_P) (use ‹F0 ⊆ T› ‹finite F0› that in auto)
also have ‹sum g ((F∩T) ∪ (F0∩T)) = sum f F›
by (intro sum.mono_neutral_cong) (use that ‹finite F0› F0'_def assms in auto)
finally show ?thesis .
qed
with ‹F0' ⊆ S› ‹finite F0'› show ‹eventually P (filtermap (sum f) (finite_subsets_at_top S))›
by (metis (no_types, lifting) eventually_filtermap eventually_finite_subsets_at_top)
qed
then have tendsto_x: "(sum f ⤏ x) (finite_subsets_at_top S) ⟷ (sum g ⤏ x) (finite_subsets_at_top T)" for x
by (simp add: le_filter_def filterlim_def)
then show ?thesis
by (simp add: has_sum_def)
qed
lemma summable_on_cong_neutral:
fixes f g :: ‹'a ⇒ 'b::{comm_monoid_add, topological_space}›
assumes ‹⋀x. x∈T-S ⟹ g x = 0›
assumes ‹⋀x. x∈S-T ⟹ f x = 0›
assumes ‹⋀x. x∈S∩T ⟹ f x = g x›
shows "f summable_on S ⟷ g summable_on T"
using has_sum_cong_neutral[of T S g f, OF assms]
by (simp add: summable_on_def)
lemma infsum_cong_neutral:
fixes f g :: ‹'a ⇒ 'b::{comm_monoid_add, t2_space}›
assumes ‹⋀x. x∈T-S ⟹ g x = 0›
assumes ‹⋀x. x∈S-T ⟹ f x = 0›
assumes ‹⋀x. x∈S∩T ⟹ f x = g x›
shows ‹infsum f S = infsum g T›
by (smt (verit, best) assms has_sum_cong_neutral infsum_eqI')
lemma has_sum_cong:
assumes "⋀x. x∈A ⟹ f x = g x"
shows "(f has_sum x) A ⟷ (g has_sum x) A"
using assms by (intro has_sum_cong_neutral) auto
lemma summable_on_cong:
assumes "⋀x. x∈A ⟹ f x = g x"
shows "f summable_on A ⟷ g summable_on A"
by (metis assms summable_on_def has_sum_cong)
lemma infsum_cong:
assumes "⋀x. x∈A ⟹ f x = g x"
shows "infsum f A = infsum g A"
using assms infsum_eqI' has_sum_cong by blast
lemma summable_on_cofin_subset:
fixes f :: "'a ⇒ 'b::topological_ab_group_add"
assumes "f summable_on A" and [simp]: "finite F"
shows "f summable_on (A - F)"
proof -
from assms(1) obtain x where lim_f: "(sum f ⤏ x) (finite_subsets_at_top A)"
unfolding summable_on_def has_sum_def by auto
define F' where "F' = F∩A"
with assms have "finite F'" and "A-F = A-F'"
by auto
have "filtermap ((∪)F') (finite_subsets_at_top (A-F))
≤ finite_subsets_at_top A"
proof (rule filter_leI)
fix P assume "eventually P (finite_subsets_at_top A)"
then obtain X where [simp]: "finite X" and XA: "X ⊆ A"
and P: "∀Y. finite Y ∧ X ⊆ Y ∧ Y ⊆ A ⟶ P Y"
unfolding eventually_finite_subsets_at_top by auto
define X' where "X' = X-F"
hence [simp]: "finite X'" and [simp]: "X' ⊆ A-F"
using XA by auto
hence "finite Y ∧ X' ⊆ Y ∧ Y ⊆ A - F ⟶ P (F' ∪ Y)" for Y
using P XA unfolding X'_def using F'_def ‹finite F'› by blast
thus "eventually P (filtermap ((∪) F') (finite_subsets_at_top (A - F)))"
unfolding eventually_filtermap eventually_finite_subsets_at_top
by (rule_tac x=X' in exI, simp)
qed
with lim_f have "(sum f ⤏ x) (filtermap ((∪)F') (finite_subsets_at_top (A-F)))"
using tendsto_mono by blast
have "((λG. sum f (F' ∪ G)) ⤏ x) (finite_subsets_at_top (A - F))"
if "((sum f ∘ (∪) F') ⤏ x) (finite_subsets_at_top (A - F))"
using that unfolding o_def by auto
hence "((λG. sum f (F' ∪ G)) ⤏ x) (finite_subsets_at_top (A-F))"
using tendsto_compose_filtermap [symmetric]
by (simp add: ‹(sum f ⤏ x) (filtermap ((∪) F') (finite_subsets_at_top (A - F)))›
tendsto_compose_filtermap)
have "∀Y. finite Y ∧ Y ⊆ A - F ⟶ sum f (F' ∪ Y) = sum f F' + sum f Y"
by (metis Diff_disjoint Int_Diff ‹A - F = A - F'› ‹finite F'› inf.orderE sum.union_disjoint)
hence "∀⇩F x in finite_subsets_at_top (A - F). sum f (F' ∪ x) = sum f F' + sum f x"
unfolding eventually_finite_subsets_at_top
using exI [where x = "{}"]
by (simp add: ‹⋀P. P {} ⟹ ∃x. P x›)
hence "((λG. sum f F' + sum f G) ⤏ x) (finite_subsets_at_top (A-F))"
using tendsto_cong [THEN iffD1 , rotated]
‹((λG. sum f (F' ∪ G)) ⤏ x) (finite_subsets_at_top (A - F))› by fastforce
hence "((λG. sum f F' + sum f G) ⤏ sum f F' + (x-sum f F')) (finite_subsets_at_top (A-F))"
by simp
hence "(sum f ⤏ x - sum f F') (finite_subsets_at_top (A-F))"
using tendsto_add_const_iff by blast
thus "f summable_on (A - F)"
unfolding summable_on_def has_sum_def by auto
qed
lemma
fixes f :: "'a ⇒ 'b::{topological_ab_group_add}"
assumes ‹(f has_sum b) B› and ‹(f has_sum a) A› and AB: "A ⊆ B"
shows has_sum_Diff: "(f has_sum (b - a)) (B - A)"
proof -
have finite_subsets1:
"finite_subsets_at_top (B - A) ≤ filtermap (λF. F - A) (finite_subsets_at_top B)"
proof (rule filter_leI)
fix P assume "eventually P (filtermap (λF. F - A) (finite_subsets_at_top B))"
then obtain X where "finite X" and "X ⊆ B"
and P: "finite Y ∧ X ⊆ Y ∧ Y ⊆ B ⟶ P (Y - A)" for Y
unfolding eventually_filtermap eventually_finite_subsets_at_top by auto
hence "finite (X-A)" and "X-A ⊆ B - A"
by auto
moreover have "finite Y ∧ X-A ⊆ Y ∧ Y ⊆ B - A ⟶ P Y" for Y
using P[where Y="Y∪X"] ‹finite X› ‹X ⊆ B›
by (metis Diff_subset Int_Diff Un_Diff finite_Un inf.orderE le_sup_iff sup.orderE sup_ge2)
ultimately show "eventually P (finite_subsets_at_top (B - A))"
unfolding eventually_finite_subsets_at_top by meson
qed
have finite_subsets2:
"filtermap (λF. F ∩ A) (finite_subsets_at_top B) ≤ finite_subsets_at_top A"
apply (rule filter_leI)
using assms unfolding eventually_filtermap eventually_finite_subsets_at_top
by (metis Int_subset_iff finite_Int inf_le2 subset_trans)
from assms(1) have limB: "(sum f ⤏ b) (finite_subsets_at_top B)"
using has_sum_def by auto
from assms(2) have limA: "(sum f ⤏ a) (finite_subsets_at_top A)"
using has_sum_def by blast
have "((λF. sum f (F∩A)) ⤏ a) (finite_subsets_at_top B)"
proof (subst asm_rl [of "(λF. sum f (F∩A)) = sum f ∘ (λF. F∩A)"])
show "(λF. sum f (F ∩ A)) = sum f ∘ (λF. F ∩ A)"
unfolding o_def by auto
show "((sum f ∘ (λF. F ∩ A)) ⤏ a) (finite_subsets_at_top B)"
unfolding o_def
using tendsto_compose_filtermap finite_subsets2 limA tendsto_mono
‹(λF. sum f (F ∩ A)) = sum f ∘ (λF. F ∩ A)› by fastforce
qed
with limB have "((λF. sum f F - sum f (F∩A)) ⤏ b - a) (finite_subsets_at_top B)"
using tendsto_diff by blast
have "sum f X - sum f (X ∩ A) = sum f (X - A)" if "finite X" and "X ⊆ B" for X :: "'a set"
using that by (metis add_diff_cancel_left' sum.Int_Diff)
hence "∀⇩F x in finite_subsets_at_top B. sum f x - sum f (x ∩ A) = sum f (x - A)"
by (rule eventually_finite_subsets_at_top_weakI)
hence "((λF. sum f (F-A)) ⤏ b - a) (finite_subsets_at_top B)"
using tendsto_cong [THEN iffD1 , rotated]
‹((λF. sum f F - sum f (F ∩ A)) ⤏ b - a) (finite_subsets_at_top B)› by fastforce
hence "(sum f ⤏ b - a) (filtermap (λF. F-A) (finite_subsets_at_top B))"
by (subst tendsto_compose_filtermap[symmetric], simp add: o_def)
thus ?thesis
using finite_subsets1 has_sum_def tendsto_mono by blast
qed
lemma
fixes f :: "'a ⇒ 'b::{topological_ab_group_add}"
assumes "f summable_on B" and "f summable_on A" and "A ⊆ B"
shows summable_on_Diff: "f summable_on (B-A)"
by (meson assms summable_on_def has_sum_Diff)
lemma
fixes f :: "'a ⇒ 'b::{topological_ab_group_add,t2_space}"
assumes "f summable_on B" and "f summable_on A" and AB: "A ⊆ B"
shows infsum_Diff: "infsum f (B - A) = infsum f B - infsum f A"
by (metis AB assms has_sum_Diff infsumI summable_on_def)
lemma has_sum_mono_neutral:
fixes f :: "'a⇒'b::{ordered_comm_monoid_add,linorder_topology}"
assumes ‹(f has_sum a) A› and "(g has_sum b) B"
assumes ‹⋀x. x ∈ A∩B ⟹ f x ≤ g x›
assumes ‹⋀x. x ∈ A-B ⟹ f x ≤ 0›
assumes ‹⋀x. x ∈ B-A ⟹ g x ≥ 0›
shows "a ≤ b"
proof -
define f' g' where ‹f' x = (if x ∈ A then f x else 0)› and ‹g' x = (if x ∈ B then g x else 0)› for x
have [simp]: ‹f summable_on A› ‹g summable_on B›
using assms(1,2) summable_on_def by auto
have ‹(f' has_sum a) (A∪B)›
by (smt (verit, best) DiffE IntE Un_iff f'_def assms(1) has_sum_cong_neutral)
then have f'_lim: ‹(sum f' ⤏ a) (finite_subsets_at_top (A∪B))›
by (meson has_sum_def)
have ‹(g' has_sum b) (A∪B)›
by (smt (verit, best) DiffD1 DiffD2 IntE UnCI g'_def assms(2) has_sum_cong_neutral)
then have g'_lim: ‹(sum g' ⤏ b) (finite_subsets_at_top (A∪B))›
using has_sum_def by blast
have "⋀X i. ⟦X ⊆ A ∪ B; i ∈ X⟧ ⟹ f' i ≤ g' i"
using assms by (auto simp: f'_def g'_def)
then have ‹∀⇩F x in finite_subsets_at_top (A ∪ B). sum f' x ≤ sum g' x›
by (intro eventually_finite_subsets_at_top_weakI sum_mono)
then show ?thesis
using f'_lim finite_subsets_at_top_neq_bot g'_lim tendsto_le by blast
qed
lemma infsum_mono_neutral:
fixes f :: "'a⇒'b::{ordered_comm_monoid_add,linorder_topology}"
assumes "f summable_on A" and "g summable_on B"
assumes ‹⋀x. x ∈ A∩B ⟹ f x ≤ g x›
assumes ‹⋀x. x ∈ A-B ⟹ f x ≤ 0›
assumes ‹⋀x. x ∈ B-A ⟹ g x ≥ 0›
shows "infsum f A ≤ infsum g B"
by (smt (verit, best) assms has_sum_infsum has_sum_mono_neutral)
lemma has_sum_mono:
fixes f :: "'a⇒'b::{ordered_comm_monoid_add,linorder_topology}"
assumes "(f has_sum x) A" and "(g has_sum y) A"
assumes ‹⋀x. x ∈ A ⟹ f x ≤ g x›
shows "x ≤ y"
using assms has_sum_mono_neutral by force
lemma infsum_mono:
fixes f :: "'a⇒'b::{ordered_comm_monoid_add,linorder_topology}"
assumes "f summable_on A" and "g summable_on A"
assumes ‹⋀x. x ∈ A ⟹ f x ≤ g x›
shows "infsum f A ≤ infsum g A"
by (meson assms has_sum_infsum has_sum_mono)
lemma has_sum_finite[simp]:
assumes "finite F"
shows "(f has_sum (sum f F)) F"
using assms
by (auto intro: tendsto_Lim simp: finite_subsets_at_top_finite infsum_def has_sum_def principal_eq_bot_iff)
lemma summable_on_finite[simp]:
fixes f :: ‹'a ⇒ 'b::{comm_monoid_add,topological_space}›
assumes "finite F"
shows "f summable_on F"
using assms summable_on_def has_sum_finite by blast
lemma infsum_finite[simp]:
assumes "finite F"
shows "infsum f F = sum f F"
by (simp add: assms infsumI)
lemma has_sum_finite_approximation:
fixes f :: "'a ⇒ 'b::{comm_monoid_add,metric_space}"
assumes "(f has_sum x) A" and "ε > 0"
shows "∃F. finite F ∧ F ⊆ A ∧ dist (sum f F) x ≤ ε"
proof -
have "(sum f ⤏ x) (finite_subsets_at_top A)"
by (meson assms(1) has_sum_def)
hence *: "∀⇩F F in (finite_subsets_at_top A). dist (sum f F) x < ε"
using assms(2) by (rule tendstoD)
thus ?thesis
unfolding eventually_finite_subsets_at_top by fastforce
qed
lemma infsum_finite_approximation:
fixes f :: "'a ⇒ 'b::{comm_monoid_add,metric_space}"
assumes "f summable_on A" and "ε > 0"
shows "∃F. finite F ∧ F ⊆ A ∧ dist (sum f F) (infsum f A) ≤ ε"
proof -
from assms have "(f has_sum (infsum f A)) A"
by (simp add: summable_iff_has_sum_infsum)
from this and ‹ε > 0› show ?thesis
by (rule has_sum_finite_approximation)
qed
lemma abs_summable_summable:
fixes f :: ‹'a ⇒ 'b :: banach›
assumes ‹f abs_summable_on A›
shows ‹f summable_on A›
proof -
from assms obtain L where lim: ‹(sum (λx. norm (f x)) ⤏ L) (finite_subsets_at_top A)›
unfolding has_sum_def summable_on_def by blast
then have *: ‹cauchy_filter (filtermap (sum (λx. norm (f x))) (finite_subsets_at_top A))›
by (auto intro!: nhds_imp_cauchy_filter simp: filterlim_def)
have ‹∃P. eventually P (finite_subsets_at_top A) ∧
(∀F F'. P F ∧ P F' ⟶ dist (sum f F) (sum f F') < e)› if ‹e>0› for e
proof -
define d P where ‹d = e/4› and ‹P F ⟷ finite F ∧ F ⊆ A ∧ dist (sum (λx. norm (f x)) F) L < d› for F
then have ‹d > 0›
by (simp add: d_def that)
have ev_P: ‹eventually P (finite_subsets_at_top A)›
using lim
by (auto simp add: P_def[abs_def] ‹0 < d› eventually_conj_iff eventually_finite_subsets_at_top_weakI tendsto_iff)
moreover have ‹dist (sum f F1) (sum f F2) < e› if ‹P F1› and ‹P F2› for F1 F2
proof -
from ev_P
obtain F' where ‹finite F'› and ‹F' ⊆ A› and P_sup_F': ‹finite F ∧ F ⊇ F' ∧ F ⊆ A ⟹ P F› for F
by atomize_elim (simp add: eventually_finite_subsets_at_top)
define F where ‹F = F' ∪ F1 ∪ F2›
have ‹finite F› and ‹F ⊆ A›
using F_def P_def[abs_def] that ‹finite F'› ‹F' ⊆ A› by auto
have dist_F: ‹dist (sum (λx. norm (f x)) F) L < d›
by (metis F_def ‹F ⊆ A› P_def P_sup_F' ‹finite F› le_supE order_refl)
have dist_F_subset: ‹dist (sum f F) (sum f F') < 2*d› if F': ‹F' ⊆ F› ‹P F'› for F'
proof -
have ‹dist (sum f F) (sum f F') = norm (sum f (F-F'))›
unfolding dist_norm using ‹finite F› F' by (subst sum_diff) auto
also have ‹… ≤ norm (∑x∈F-F'. norm (f x))›
by (rule order.trans[OF sum_norm_le[OF order.refl]]) auto
also have ‹… = dist (∑x∈F. norm (f x)) (∑x∈F'. norm (f x))›
unfolding dist_norm using ‹finite F› F' by (subst sum_diff) auto
also have ‹… < 2 * d›
using dist_F F' unfolding P_def dist_norm real_norm_def by linarith
finally show ‹dist (sum f F) (sum f F') < 2*d› .
qed
have ‹dist (sum f F1) (sum f F2) ≤ dist (sum f F) (sum f F1) + dist (sum f F) (sum f F2)›
by (rule dist_triangle3)
also have ‹… < 2 * d + 2 * d›
by (intro add_strict_mono dist_F_subset that) (auto simp: F_def)
also have ‹… ≤ e›
by (auto simp: d_def)
finally show ‹dist (sum f F1) (sum f F2) < e› .
qed
then show ?thesis
using ev_P by blast
qed
then have ‹cauchy_filter (filtermap (sum f) (finite_subsets_at_top A))›
by (simp add: cauchy_filter_metric_filtermap)
moreover have "complete (UNIV::'b set)"
by (meson Cauchy_convergent UNIV_I complete_def convergent_def)
ultimately obtain L' where ‹(sum f ⤏ L') (finite_subsets_at_top A)›
using complete_uniform[where S=UNIV] by (force simp add: filterlim_def)
then show ?thesis
using summable_on_def has_sum_def by blast
qed
text ‹The converse of @{thm [source] abs_summable_summable} does not hold:
Consider the Hilbert space of square-summable sequences.
Let $e_i$ denote the sequence with 1 in the $i$th position and 0 elsewhere.
Let $f(i) := e_i/i$ for $i\geq1$. We have \<^term>‹¬ f abs_summable_on UNIV› because $\lVert f(i)\rVert=1/i$
and thus the sum over $\lVert f(i)\rVert$ diverges. On the other hand, we have \<^term>‹f summable_on UNIV›;
the limit is the sequence with $1/i$ in the $i$th position.
(We have not formalized this separating example here because to the best of our knowledge,
this Hilbert space has not been formalized in Isabelle/HOL yet.)›
lemma norm_has_sum_bound:
fixes f :: "'b ⇒ 'a::real_normed_vector"
and A :: "'b set"
assumes "((λx. norm (f x)) has_sum n) A"
assumes "(f has_sum a) A"
shows "norm a ≤ n"
proof -
have "norm a ≤ n + ε" if "ε>0" for ε
proof-
have "∃F. norm (a - sum f F) ≤ ε ∧ finite F ∧ F ⊆ A"
using has_sum_finite_approximation[where A=A and f=f and ε="ε"] assms ‹0 < ε›
by (metis dist_commute dist_norm)
then obtain F where "norm (a - sum f F) ≤ ε"
and "finite F" and "F ⊆ A"
by (simp add: atomize_elim)
hence "norm a ≤ norm (sum f F) + ε"
by (metis add.commute diff_add_cancel dual_order.refl norm_triangle_mono)
also have "… ≤ sum (λx. norm (f x)) F + ε"
using norm_sum by auto
also have "… ≤ n + ε"
proof (intro add_right_mono [OF has_sum_mono_neutral])
show "((λx. norm (f x)) has_sum (∑x∈F. norm (f x))) F"
by (simp add: ‹finite F›)
qed (use ‹F ⊆ A› assms in auto)
finally show ?thesis
by assumption
qed
thus ?thesis
using linordered_field_class.field_le_epsilon by blast
qed
lemma norm_infsum_bound:
fixes f :: "'b ⇒ 'a::real_normed_vector"
and A :: "'b set"
assumes "f abs_summable_on A"
shows "norm (infsum f A) ≤ infsum (λx. norm (f x)) A"
proof (cases "f summable_on A")
case True
have "((λx. norm (f x)) has_sum (∑⇩∞x∈A. norm (f x))) A"
by (simp add: assms)
then show ?thesis
by (metis True has_sum_infsum norm_has_sum_bound)
next
case False
obtain t where t_def: "(sum (λx. norm (f x)) ⤏ t) (finite_subsets_at_top A)"
using assms unfolding summable_on_def has_sum_def by blast
have sumpos: "sum (λx. norm (f x)) X ≥ 0"
for X
by (simp add: sum_nonneg)
have tgeq0:"t ≥ 0"
proof(rule ccontr)
define S::"real set" where "S = {s. s < 0}"
assume "¬ 0 ≤ t"
hence "t < 0" by simp
hence "t ∈ S"
unfolding S_def by blast
moreover have "open S"
by (metis S_def lessThan_def open_real_lessThan)
ultimately have "∀⇩F X in finite_subsets_at_top A. (∑x∈X. norm (f x)) ∈ S"
using t_def unfolding tendsto_def by blast
hence "∃X. (∑x∈X. norm (f x)) ∈ S"
by (metis (no_types, lifting) eventually_mono filterlim_iff finite_subsets_at_top_neq_bot tendsto_Lim)
then obtain X where "(∑x∈X. norm (f x)) ∈ S"
by blast
hence "(∑x∈X. norm (f x)) < 0"
unfolding S_def by auto
thus False by (simp add: leD sumpos)
qed
have "∃!h. (sum (λx. norm (f x)) ⤏ h) (finite_subsets_at_top A)"
using t_def finite_subsets_at_top_neq_bot tendsto_unique by blast
hence "t = (Topological_Spaces.Lim (finite_subsets_at_top A) (sum (λx. norm (f x))))"
using t_def unfolding Topological_Spaces.Lim_def
by (metis the_equality)
hence "Lim (finite_subsets_at_top A) (sum (λx. norm (f x))) ≥ 0"
using tgeq0 by blast
thus ?thesis unfolding infsum_def
using False by auto
qed
lemma infsum_tendsto:
assumes ‹f summable_on S›
shows ‹((λF. sum f F) ⤏ infsum f S) (finite_subsets_at_top S)›
using assms has_sum_def has_sum_infsum by blast
lemma has_sum_0:
assumes ‹⋀x. x∈M ⟹ f x = 0›
shows ‹(f has_sum 0) M›
by (metis assms finite.intros(1) has_sum_cong has_sum_cong_neutral has_sum_finite sum.neutral_const)
lemma summable_on_0:
assumes ‹⋀x. x∈M ⟹ f x = 0›
shows ‹f summable_on M›
using assms summable_on_def has_sum_0 by blast
lemma infsum_0:
assumes ‹⋀x. x∈M ⟹ f x = 0›
shows ‹infsum f M = 0›
by (metis assms finite_subsets_at_top_neq_bot infsum_def has_sum_0 has_sum_def tendsto_Lim)
text ‹Variants of @{thm [source] infsum_0} etc. suitable as simp-rules›
lemma infsum_0_simp[simp]: ‹infsum (λ_. 0) M = 0›
by (simp_all add: infsum_0)
lemma summable_on_0_simp[simp]: ‹(λ_. 0) summable_on M›
by (simp_all add: summable_on_0)
lemma has_sum_0_simp[simp]: ‹((λ_. 0) has_sum 0) M›
by (simp_all add: has_sum_0)
lemma has_sum_add:
fixes f g :: "'a ⇒ 'b::{topological_comm_monoid_add}"
assumes ‹(f has_sum a) A›
assumes ‹(g has_sum b) A›
shows ‹((λx. f x + g x) has_sum (a + b)) A›
proof -
from assms have lim_f: ‹(sum f ⤏ a) (finite_subsets_at_top A)›
and lim_g: ‹(sum g ⤏ b) (finite_subsets_at_top A)›
by (simp_all add: has_sum_def)
then have lim: ‹(sum (λx. f x + g x) ⤏ a + b) (finite_subsets_at_top A)›
unfolding sum.distrib by (rule tendsto_add)
then show ?thesis
by (simp_all add: has_sum_def)
qed
lemma summable_on_add:
fixes f g :: "'a ⇒ 'b::{topological_comm_monoid_add}"
assumes ‹f summable_on A›
assumes ‹g summable_on A›
shows ‹(λx. f x + g x) summable_on A›
by (metis (full_types) assms summable_on_def has_sum_add)
lemma infsum_add:
fixes f g :: "'a ⇒ 'b::{topological_comm_monoid_add, t2_space}"
assumes ‹f summable_on A›
assumes ‹g summable_on A›
shows ‹infsum (λx. f x + g x) A = infsum f A + infsum g A›
proof -
have ‹((λx. f x + g x) has_sum (infsum f A + infsum g A)) A›
by (simp add: assms has_sum_add)
then show ?thesis
using infsumI by blast
qed
lemma has_sum_Un_disjoint:
fixes f :: "'a ⇒ 'b::topological_comm_monoid_add"
assumes "(f has_sum a) A"
assumes "(f has_sum b) B"
assumes disj: "A ∩ B = {}"
shows ‹(f has_sum (a + b)) (A ∪ B)›
proof -
define fA fB where ‹fA x = (if x ∈ A then f x else 0)›
and ‹fB x = (if x ∉ A then f x else 0)› for x
have fA: ‹(fA has_sum a) (A ∪ B)›
by (smt (verit, ccfv_SIG) DiffD1 DiffD2 UnCI fA_def assms(1) has_sum_cong_neutral inf_sup_absorb)
have fB: ‹(fB has_sum b) (A ∪ B)›
by (smt (verit, best) DiffD1 DiffD2 IntE Un_iff fB_def assms(2) disj disjoint_iff has_sum_cong_neutral)
have fAB: ‹f x = fA x + fB x› for x
unfolding fA_def fB_def by simp
show ?thesis
unfolding fAB
using fA fB by (rule has_sum_add)
qed
lemma summable_on_Un_disjoint:
fixes f :: "'a ⇒ 'b::topological_comm_monoid_add"
assumes "f summable_on A"
assumes "f summable_on B"
assumes disj: "A ∩ B = {}"
shows ‹f summable_on (A ∪ B)›
by (meson assms disj summable_on_def has_sum_Un_disjoint)
lemma infsum_Un_disjoint:
fixes f :: "'a ⇒ 'b::{topological_comm_monoid_add, t2_space}"
assumes "f summable_on A"
assumes "f summable_on B"
assumes disj: "A ∩ B = {}"
shows ‹infsum f (A ∪ B) = infsum f A + infsum f B›
by (intro infsumI has_sum_Un_disjoint has_sum_infsum assms)
lemma norm_summable_imp_has_sum:
fixes f :: "nat ⇒ 'a :: banach"
assumes "summable (λn. norm (f n))" and "f sums S"
shows "(f has_sum S) (UNIV :: nat set)"
unfolding has_sum_def tendsto_iff eventually_finite_subsets_at_top
proof clarsimp
fix ε::real
assume "ε > 0"
from assms obtain S' where S': "(λn. norm (f n)) sums S'"
by (auto simp: summable_def)
with ‹ε > 0› obtain N where N: "⋀n. n ≥ N ⟹ ¦S' - (∑i<n. norm (f i))¦ < ε"
by (auto simp: tendsto_iff eventually_at_top_linorder sums_def dist_norm abs_minus_commute)
have "dist (sum f Y) S < ε" if "finite Y" "{..<N} ⊆ Y" for Y
proof -
from that have "(λn. if n ∈ Y then 0 else f n) sums (S - sum f Y)"
by (intro sums_If_finite_set'[OF ‹f sums S›]) (auto simp: sum_negf)
hence "S - sum f Y = (∑n. if n ∈ Y then 0 else f n)"
by (simp add: sums_iff)
also have "norm … ≤ (∑n. norm (if n ∈ Y then 0 else f n))"
by (rule summable_norm[OF summable_comparison_test'[OF assms(1)]]) auto
also have "… ≤ (∑n. if n < N then 0 else norm (f n))"
using that by (intro suminf_le summable_comparison_test'[OF assms(1)]) auto
also have "(λn. if n ∈ {..<N} then 0 else norm (f n)) sums (S' - (∑i<N. norm (f i)))"
by (intro sums_If_finite_set'[OF S']) (auto simp: sum_negf)
hence "(∑n. if n < N then 0 else norm (f n)) = S' - (∑i<N. norm (f i))"
by (simp add: sums_iff)
also have "S' - (∑i<N. norm (f i)) ≤ ¦S' - (∑i<N. norm (f i))¦" by simp
also have "… < ε" by (rule N) auto
finally show ?thesis by (simp add: dist_norm norm_minus_commute)
qed
then show "∃X. finite X ∧ (∀Y. finite Y ∧ X ⊆ Y ⟶ dist (sum f Y) S < ε)"
by (meson finite_lessThan subset_UNIV)
qed
lemma norm_summable_imp_summable_on:
fixes f :: "nat ⇒ 'a :: banach"
assumes "summable (λn. norm (f n))"
shows "f summable_on UNIV"
using norm_summable_imp_has_sum[OF assms, of "suminf f"] assms
by (auto simp: sums_iff summable_on_def dest: summable_norm_cancel)
text ‹The following lemma indeed needs a complete space (as formalized by the premise \<^term>‹complete UNIV›).
The following two counterexamples show this:
\begin{itemize}
\item Consider the real vector space $V$ of sequences with finite support, and with the $\ell_2$-norm (sum of squares).
Let $e_i$ denote the sequence with a $1$ at position $i$.
Let $f : \mathbb Z \to V$ be defined as $f(n) := e_{\lvert n\rvert} / n$ (with $f(0) := 0$).
We have that $\sum_{n\in\mathbb Z} f(n) = 0$ (it even converges absolutely).
But $\sum_{n\in\mathbb N} f(n)$ does not exist (it would converge against a sequence with infinite support).
\item Let $f$ be a positive rational valued function such that $\sum_{x\in B} f(x)$ is $\sqrt 2$ and $\sum_{x\in A} f(x)$ is 1 (over the reals, with $A\subseteq B$).
Then $\sum_{x\in B} f(x)$ does not exist over the rationals. But $\sum_{x\in A} f(x)$ exists.
\end{itemize}
The lemma also requires uniform continuity of the addition. And example of a topological group with continuous
but not uniformly continuous addition would be the positive reals with the usual multiplication as the addition.
We do not know whether the lemma would also hold for such topological groups.›
lemma summable_on_subset_aux:
fixes A B and f :: ‹'a ⇒ 'b::{ab_group_add, uniform_space}›
assumes ‹complete (UNIV :: 'b set)›
assumes plus_cont: ‹uniformly_continuous_on UNIV (λ(x::'b,y). x+y)›
assumes ‹f summable_on A›
assumes ‹B ⊆ A›
shows ‹f summable_on B›
proof -
let ?filter_fB = ‹filtermap (sum f) (finite_subsets_at_top B)›
from ‹f summable_on A›
obtain S where ‹(sum f ⤏ S) (finite_subsets_at_top A)› (is ‹(sum f ⤏ S) ?filter_A›)
using summable_on_def has_sum_def by blast
then have cauchy_fA: ‹cauchy_filter (filtermap (sum f) (finite_subsets_at_top A))› (is ‹cauchy_filter ?filter_fA›)
by (auto intro!: nhds_imp_cauchy_filter simp: filterlim_def)
have ‹cauchy_filter (filtermap (sum f) (finite_subsets_at_top B))›
proof (unfold cauchy_filter_def, rule filter_leI)
fix E :: ‹('b×'b) ⇒ bool› assume ‹eventually E uniformity›
then obtain E' where ‹eventually E' uniformity› and E'E'E: ‹E' (x, y) ⟶ E' (y, z) ⟶ E (x, z)› for x y z
using uniformity_trans by blast
obtain D where ‹eventually D uniformity› and DE: ‹D (x, y) ⟹ E' (x+c, y+c)› for x y c
using plus_cont ‹eventually E' uniformity›
unfolding uniformly_continuous_on_uniformity filterlim_def le_filter_def uniformity_prod_def
by (auto simp: case_prod_beta eventually_filtermap eventually_prod_same uniformity_refl)
have DE': "E' (x, y)" if "D (x + c, y + c)" for x y c
using DE[of "x + c" "y + c" "-c"] that by simp
from ‹eventually D uniformity› and cauchy_fA have ‹eventually D (?filter_fA ×⇩F ?filter_fA)›
unfolding cauchy_filter_def le_filter_def by simp
then obtain P1 P2
where ev_P1: ‹eventually (λF. P1 (sum f F)) ?filter_A›
and ev_P2: ‹eventually (λF. P2 (sum f F)) ?filter_A›
and P1P2E: ‹P1 x ⟹ P2 y ⟹ D (x, y)› for x y
unfolding eventually_prod_filter eventually_filtermap
by auto
from ev_P1 obtain F1 where F1: ‹finite F1› ‹F1 ⊆ A› ‹⋀F. F⊇F1 ⟹ finite F ⟹ F⊆A ⟹ P1 (sum f F)›
by (metis eventually_finite_subsets_at_top)
from ev_P2 obtain F2 where F2: ‹finite F2› ‹F2 ⊆ A› ‹⋀F. F⊇F2 ⟹ finite F ⟹ F⊆A ⟹ P2 (sum f F)›
by (metis eventually_finite_subsets_at_top)
define F0 F0A F0B where ‹F0 ≡ F1 ∪ F2› and ‹F0A ≡ F0 - B› and ‹F0B ≡ F0 ∩ B›
have [simp]: ‹finite F0› ‹F0 ⊆ A›
using ‹F1 ⊆ A› ‹F2 ⊆ A› ‹finite F1› ‹finite F2› unfolding F0_def by blast+
have *: "E' (sum f F1', sum f F2')"
if "F1'⊇F0B" "F2'⊇F0B" "finite F1'" "finite F2'" "F1'⊆B" "F2'⊆B" for F1' F2'
proof (intro DE'[where c = "sum f F0A"] P1P2E)
have "P1 (sum f (F1' ∪ F0A))"
using that assms F1(1,2) F2(1,2) by (intro F1) (auto simp: F0A_def F0B_def F0_def)
thus "P1 (sum f F1' + sum f F0A)"
by (subst (asm) sum.union_disjoint) (use that in ‹auto simp: F0A_def›)
next
have "P2 (sum f (F2' ∪ F0A))"
using that assms F1(1,2) F2(1,2) by (intro F2) (auto simp: F0A_def F0B_def F0_def)
thus "P2 (sum f F2' + sum f F0A)"
by (subst (asm) sum.union_disjoint) (use that in ‹auto simp: F0A_def›)
qed
have "eventually (λx. E' (x, sum f F0B)) (filtermap (sum f) (finite_subsets_at_top B))"
and "eventually (λx. E' (sum f F0B, x)) (filtermap (sum f) (finite_subsets_at_top B))"
unfolding eventually_filtermap eventually_finite_subsets_at_top
by (rule exI[of _ F0B]; use * in ‹force simp: F0B_def›)+
then
show ‹eventually E (?filter_fB ×⇩F ?filter_fB)›
unfolding eventually_prod_filter
using E'E'E by blast
qed
then obtain x where ‹?filter_fB ≤ nhds x›
using cauchy_filter_complete_converges[of ?filter_fB UNIV] ‹complete (UNIV :: _)›
by (auto simp: filtermap_bot_iff)
then have ‹(sum f ⤏ x) (finite_subsets_at_top B)›
by (auto simp: filterlim_def)
then show ?thesis
by (auto simp: summable_on_def has_sum_def)
qed
text ‹A special case of @{thm [source] summable_on_subset_aux} for Banach spaces with fewer premises.›
lemma summable_on_subset_banach:
fixes A B and f :: ‹'a ⇒ 'b::banach›
assumes ‹f summable_on A›
assumes ‹B ⊆ A›
shows ‹f summable_on B›
by (meson Cauchy_convergent UNIV_I assms complete_def convergent_def isUCont_plus summable_on_subset_aux)
lemma has_sum_empty[simp]: ‹(f has_sum 0) {}›
by (meson ex_in_conv has_sum_0)
lemma summable_on_empty[simp]: ‹f summable_on {}›
by auto
lemma infsum_empty[simp]: ‹infsum f {} = 0›
by simp
lemma sum_has_sum:
fixes f :: "'a ⇒ 'b::topological_comm_monoid_add"
assumes ‹finite A›
assumes ‹⋀a. a ∈ A ⟹ (f has_sum (s a)) (B a)›
assumes ‹⋀a a'. a∈A ⟹ a'∈A ⟹ a≠a' ⟹ B a ∩ B a' = {}›
shows ‹(f has_sum (sum s A)) (⋃a∈A. B a)›
using assms
proof (induction)
case empty
then show ?case
by simp
next
case (insert x A)
have ‹(f has_sum (s x)) (B x)›
by (simp add: insert.prems)
moreover have IH: ‹(f has_sum (sum s A)) (⋃a∈A. B a)›
using insert by simp
ultimately have ‹(f has_sum (s x + sum s A)) (B x ∪ (⋃a∈A. B a))›
using insert by (intro has_sum_Un_disjoint) auto
then show ?case
using insert.hyps by auto
qed
lemma summable_on_finite_union_disjoint:
fixes f :: "'a ⇒ 'b::topological_comm_monoid_add"
assumes finite: ‹finite A›
assumes conv: ‹⋀a. a ∈ A ⟹ f summable_on (B a)›
assumes disj: ‹⋀a a'. a∈A ⟹ a'∈A ⟹ a≠a' ⟹ B a ∩ B a' = {}›
shows ‹f summable_on (⋃a∈A. B a)›
using sum_has_sum [of A f B] assms unfolding summable_on_def by metis
lemma sum_infsum:
fixes f :: "'a ⇒ 'b::{topological_comm_monoid_add, t2_space}"
assumes finite: ‹finite A›
assumes conv: ‹⋀a. a ∈ A ⟹ f summable_on (B a)›
assumes disj: ‹⋀a a'. a∈A ⟹ a'∈A ⟹ a≠a' ⟹ B a ∩ B a' = {}›
shows ‹sum (λa. infsum f (B a)) A = infsum f (⋃a∈A. B a)›
by (metis (no_types, lifting) assms has_sum_infsum infsumI sum_has_sum)
text ‹The lemmas ‹infsum_comm_additive_general› and ‹infsum_comm_additive› (and variants) below both state that the infinite sum commutes with
a continuous additive function. ‹infsum_comm_additive_general› is stated more for more general type classes
at the expense of a somewhat less compact formulation of the premises.
E.g., by avoiding the constant \<^const>‹additive› which introduces an additional sort constraint
(group instead of monoid). For example, extended reals (\<^typ>‹ereal›, \<^typ>‹ennreal›) are not covered
by ‹infsum_comm_additive›.›
lemma has_sum_comm_additive_general:
fixes f :: ‹'b :: {comm_monoid_add,topological_space} ⇒ 'c :: {comm_monoid_add,topological_space}›
assumes f_sum: ‹⋀F. finite F ⟹ F ⊆ S ⟹ sum (f ∘ g) F = f (sum g F)›
assumes cont: ‹f ─x→ f x›
assumes infsum: ‹(g has_sum x) S›
shows ‹((f ∘ g) has_sum (f x)) S›
proof -
have ‹(sum g ⤏ x) (finite_subsets_at_top S)›
using infsum has_sum_def by blast
then have ‹((f ∘ sum g) ⤏ f x) (finite_subsets_at_top S)›
by (meson cont filterlim_def tendsto_at_iff_tendsto_nhds tendsto_compose_filtermap tendsto_mono)
then have ‹(sum (f ∘ g) ⤏ f x) (finite_subsets_at_top S)›
using tendsto_cong f_sum
by (simp add: Lim_transform_eventually eventually_finite_subsets_at_top_weakI)
then show ‹((f ∘ g) has_sum (f x)) S›
using has_sum_def by blast
qed
lemma summable_on_comm_additive_general:
fixes f :: ‹'b :: {comm_monoid_add,topological_space} ⇒ 'c :: {comm_monoid_add,topological_space}›
assumes ‹⋀F. finite F ⟹ F ⊆ S ⟹ sum (f ∘ g) F = f (sum g F)›
assumes ‹⋀x. (g has_sum x) S ⟹ f ─x→ f x›
assumes ‹g summable_on S›
shows ‹(f ∘ g) summable_on S›
by (meson assms summable_on_def has_sum_comm_additive_general has_sum_def infsum_tendsto)
lemma infsum_comm_additive_general:
fixes f :: ‹'b :: {comm_monoid_add,t2_space} ⇒ 'c :: {comm_monoid_add,t2_space}›
assumes f_sum: ‹⋀F. finite F ⟹ F ⊆ S ⟹ sum (f ∘ g) F = f (sum g F)›
assumes ‹isCont f (infsum g S)›
assumes ‹g summable_on S›
shows ‹infsum (f ∘ g) S = f (infsum g S)›
using assms
by (intro infsumI has_sum_comm_additive_general has_sum_infsum) (auto simp: isCont_def)
lemma has_sum_comm_additive:
fixes f :: ‹'b :: {ab_group_add,topological_space} ⇒ 'c :: {ab_group_add,topological_space}›
assumes ‹additive f›
assumes ‹f ─x→ f x›
assumes infsum: ‹(g has_sum x) S›
shows ‹((f ∘ g) has_sum (f x)) S›
using assms
by (intro has_sum_comm_additive_general has_sum_infsum) (auto simp: isCont_def additive.sum)
lemma summable_on_comm_additive:
fixes f :: ‹'b :: {ab_group_add,t2_space} ⇒ 'c :: {ab_group_add,topological_space}›
assumes ‹additive f›
assumes ‹isCont f (infsum g S)›
assumes ‹g summable_on S›
shows ‹(f ∘ g) summable_on S›
by (meson assms summable_on_def has_sum_comm_additive has_sum_infsum isContD)
lemma infsum_comm_additive:
fixes f :: ‹'b :: {ab_group_add,t2_space} ⇒ 'c :: {ab_group_add,t2_space}›
assumes ‹additive f›
assumes ‹isCont f (infsum g S)›
assumes ‹g summable_on S›
shows ‹infsum (f ∘ g) S = f (infsum g S)›
by (rule infsum_comm_additive_general; auto simp: assms additive.sum)
lemma nonneg_bdd_above_has_sum:
fixes f :: ‹'a ⇒ 'b :: {conditionally_complete_linorder, ordered_comm_monoid_add, linorder_topology}›
assumes ‹⋀x. x∈A ⟹ f x ≥ 0›
assumes ‹bdd_above (sum f ` {F. F⊆A ∧ finite F})›
shows ‹(f has_sum (SUP F∈{F. finite F ∧ F⊆A}. sum f F)) A›
proof -
have ‹(sum f ⤏ (SUP F∈{F. finite F ∧ F⊆A}. sum f F)) (finite_subsets_at_top A)›
proof (rule order_tendstoI)
fix a assume ‹a < (SUP F∈{F. finite F ∧ F⊆A}. sum f F)›
then obtain F where ‹a < sum f F› and ‹finite F› and ‹F ⊆ A›
by (metis (mono_tags, lifting) Collect_cong Collect_empty_eq assms(2) empty_subsetI finite.emptyI less_cSUP_iff mem_Collect_eq)
have "⋀Y. ⟦finite Y; F ⊆ Y; Y ⊆ A⟧ ⟹ a < sum f Y"
by (meson DiffE ‹a < sum f F› assms(1) less_le_trans subset_iff sum_mono2)
then show ‹∀⇩F x in finite_subsets_at_top A. a < sum f x›
by (metis ‹F ⊆ A› ‹finite F› eventually_finite_subsets_at_top)
next
fix a assume *: ‹(SUP F∈{F. finite F ∧ F⊆A}. sum f F) < a›
have "sum f F ≤ (SUP F∈{F. finite F ∧ F⊆A}. sum f F)" if ‹F⊆A› and ‹finite F› for F
by (rule cSUP_upper) (use that assms(2) in ‹auto simp: conj_commute›)
then show ‹∀⇩F x in finite_subsets_at_top A. sum f x < a›
by (metis (no_types, lifting) "*" eventually_finite_subsets_at_top_weakI order_le_less_trans)
qed
then show ?thesis
using has_sum_def by blast
qed
lemma nonneg_bdd_above_summable_on:
fixes f :: ‹'a ⇒ 'b :: {conditionally_complete_linorder, ordered_comm_monoid_add, linorder_topology}›
assumes ‹⋀x. x∈A ⟹ f x ≥ 0›
assumes ‹bdd_above (sum f ` {F. F⊆A ∧ finite F})›
shows ‹f summable_on A›
using assms summable_on_def nonneg_bdd_above_has_sum by blast
lemma nonneg_bdd_above_infsum:
fixes f :: ‹'a ⇒ 'b :: {conditionally_complete_linorder, ordered_comm_monoid_add, linorder_topology}›
assumes ‹⋀x. x∈A ⟹ f x ≥ 0›
assumes ‹bdd_above (sum f ` {F. F⊆A ∧ finite F})›
shows ‹infsum f A = (SUP F∈{F. finite F ∧ F⊆A}. sum f F)›
using assms by (auto intro!: infsumI nonneg_bdd_above_has_sum)
lemma nonneg_has_sum_complete:
fixes f :: ‹'a ⇒ 'b :: {complete_linorder, ordered_comm_monoid_add, linorder_topology}›
assumes ‹⋀x. x∈A ⟹ f x ≥ 0›
shows ‹(f has_sum (SUP F∈{F. finite F ∧ F⊆A}. sum f F)) A›
using assms nonneg_bdd_above_has_sum by blast
lemma nonneg_summable_on_complete:
fixes f :: ‹'a ⇒ 'b :: {complete_linorder, ordered_comm_monoid_add, linorder_topology}›
assumes ‹⋀x. x∈A ⟹ f x ≥ 0›
shows ‹f summable_on A›
using assms nonneg_bdd_above_summable_on by blast
lemma nonneg_infsum_complete:
fixes f :: ‹'a ⇒ 'b :: {complete_linorder, ordered_comm_monoid_add, linorder_topology}›
assumes ‹⋀x. x∈A ⟹ f x ≥ 0›
shows ‹infsum f A = (SUP F∈{F. finite F ∧ F⊆A}. sum f F)›
using assms nonneg_bdd_above_infsum by blast
lemma has_sum_nonneg:
fixes f :: "'a ⇒ 'b::{ordered_comm_monoid_add,linorder_topology}"
assumes "(f has_sum a) M"
and "⋀x. x ∈ M ⟹ 0 ≤ f x"
shows "a ≥ 0"
by (metis (no_types, lifting) DiffD1 assms empty_iff has_sum_0 has_sum_mono_neutral order_refl)
lemma infsum_nonneg:
fixes f :: "'a ⇒ 'b::{ordered_comm_monoid_add,linorder_topology}"
assumes "⋀x. x ∈ M ⟹ 0 ≤ f x"
shows "infsum f M ≥ 0" (is "?lhs ≥ _")
by (metis assms has_sum_infsum has_sum_nonneg infsum_not_exists linorder_linear)
lemma has_sum_mono2:
fixes f :: "'a ⇒ 'b::{topological_ab_group_add, ordered_comm_monoid_add,linorder_topology}"
assumes "(f has_sum S) A" "(f has_sum S') B" "A ⊆ B"
assumes "⋀x. x ∈ B - A ⟹ f x ≥ 0"
shows "S ≤ S'"
by (metis add_0 add_right_mono assms diff_add_cancel has_sum_Diff has_sum_nonneg)
lemma infsum_mono2:
fixes f :: "'a ⇒ 'b::{topological_ab_group_add, ordered_comm_monoid_add,linorder_topology}"
assumes "f summable_on A" "f summable_on B" "A ⊆ B"
assumes "⋀x. x ∈ B - A ⟹ f x ≥ 0"
shows "infsum f A ≤ infsum f B"
by (rule has_sum_mono2[OF has_sum_infsum has_sum_infsum]) (use assms in auto)
lemma finite_sum_le_has_sum:
fixes f :: "'a ⇒ 'b::{topological_ab_group_add, ordered_comm_monoid_add,linorder_topology}"
assumes "(f has_sum S) A" "finite B" "B ⊆ A"
assumes "⋀x. x ∈ A - B ⟹ f x ≥ 0"
shows "sum f B ≤ S"
by (meson assms has_sum_finite has_sum_mono2)
lemma finite_sum_le_infsum:
fixes f :: "'a ⇒ 'b::{topological_ab_group_add, ordered_comm_monoid_add,linorder_topology}"
assumes "f summable_on A" "finite B" "B ⊆ A"
assumes "⋀x. x ∈ A - B ⟹ f x ≥ 0"
shows "sum f B ≤ infsum f A"
by (rule finite_sum_le_has_sum[OF has_sum_infsum]) (use assms in auto)
lemma has_sum_reindex:
assumes ‹inj_on h A›
shows ‹(g has_sum x) (h ` A) ⟷ ((g ∘ h) has_sum x) A›
proof -
have ‹(g has_sum x) (h ` A) ⟷ (sum g ⤏ x) (finite_subsets_at_top (h ` A))›
by (simp add: has_sum_def)
also have ‹… ⟷ ((λF. sum g (h ` F)) ⤏ x) (finite_subsets_at_top A)›
by (metis assms filterlim_filtermap filtermap_image_finite_subsets_at_top)
also have ‹… ⟷ (sum (g ∘ h) ⤏ x) (finite_subsets_at_top A)›
proof (intro tendsto_cong eventually_finite_subsets_at_top_weakI sum.reindex)
show "⋀X. ⟦finite X; X ⊆ A⟧ ⟹ inj_on h X"
using assms subset_inj_on by blast
qed
also have ‹… ⟷ ((g ∘ h) has_sum x) A›
by (simp add: has_sum_def)
finally show ?thesis .
qed
lemma summable_on_reindex:
assumes ‹inj_on h A›
shows ‹g summable_on (h ` A) ⟷ (g ∘ h) summable_on A›
by (simp add: assms summable_on_def has_sum_reindex)
lemma infsum_reindex:
assumes ‹inj_on h A›
shows ‹infsum g (h ` A) = infsum (g ∘ h) A›
by (metis assms has_sum_infsum has_sum_reindex infsumI infsum_def)
lemma summable_on_reindex_bij_betw:
assumes "bij_betw g A B"
shows "(λx. f (g x)) summable_on A ⟷ f summable_on B"
by (smt (verit) assms bij_betw_def o_apply summable_on_cong summable_on_reindex)
lemma infsum_reindex_bij_betw:
assumes "bij_betw g A B"
shows "infsum (λx. f (g x)) A = infsum f B"
by (metis (mono_tags, lifting) assms bij_betw_def infsum_cong infsum_reindex o_def)
lemma sum_uniformity:
assumes plus_cont: ‹uniformly_continuous_on UNIV (λ(x::'b::{uniform_space,comm_monoid_add},y). x+y)›
assumes EE: ‹eventually E uniformity›
obtains D where ‹eventually D uniformity›
and ‹⋀M::'a set. ⋀f f' :: 'a ⇒ 'b. card M ≤ n ∧ (∀m∈M. D (f m, f' m)) ⟹ E (sum f M, sum f' M)›
proof (atomize_elim, insert EE, induction n arbitrary: E rule:nat_induct)
case 0
then show ?case
by (metis card_eq_0_iff equals0D le_zero_eq sum.infinite sum.not_neutral_contains_not_neutral uniformity_refl)
next
case (Suc n)
from plus_cont[unfolded uniformly_continuous_on_uniformity filterlim_def le_filter_def, rule_format, OF Suc.prems]
obtain D1 D2 where ‹eventually D1 uniformity› and ‹eventually D2 uniformity›
and D1D2E: ‹D1 (x, y) ⟹ D2 (x', y') ⟹ E (x + x', y + y')› for x y x' y'
apply atomize_elim
by (auto simp: eventually_prod_filter case_prod_beta uniformity_prod_def eventually_filtermap)
from Suc.IH[OF ‹eventually D2 uniformity›]
obtain D3 where ‹eventually D3 uniformity› and D3: ‹card M ≤ n ⟹ (∀m∈M. D3 (f m, f' m)) ⟹ D2 (sum f M, sum f' M)›
for M :: ‹'a set› and f f'
by metis
define D where ‹D x ≡ D1 x ∧ D3 x› for x
have ‹eventually D uniformity›
using D_def ‹eventually D1 uniformity› ‹eventually D3 uniformity› eventually_elim2 by blast
have ‹E (sum f M, sum f' M)›
if ‹card M ≤ Suc n› and DM: ‹∀m∈M. D (f m, f' m)›
for M :: ‹'a set› and f f'
proof (cases ‹card M = 0›)
case True
then show ?thesis
by (metis Suc.prems card_eq_0_iff sum.empty sum.infinite uniformity_refl)
next
case False
with ‹card M ≤ Suc n› obtain N x where ‹card N ≤ n› and ‹x ∉ N› and ‹M = insert x N›
by (metis card_Suc_eq less_Suc_eq_0_disj less_Suc_eq_le)
from DM have ‹⋀m. m∈N ⟹ D (f m, f' m)›
using ‹M = insert x N› by blast
with D3[OF ‹card N ≤ n›]
have D2_N: ‹D2 (sum f N, sum f' N)›
using D_def by blast
from DM
have ‹D (f x, f' x)›
using ‹M = insert x N› by blast
then have ‹D1 (f x, f' x)›
by (simp add: D_def)
with D2_N
have ‹E (f x + sum f N, f' x + sum f' N)›
using D1D2E by presburger
then show ‹E (sum f M, sum f' M)›
by (metis False ‹M = insert x N› ‹x ∉ N› card.infinite finite_insert sum.insert)
qed
with ‹eventually D uniformity› show ?case
by auto
qed
lemma has_sum_Sigma:
fixes A :: "'a set" and B :: "'a ⇒ 'b set"
and f :: ‹'a × 'b ⇒ 'c::{comm_monoid_add,uniform_space}›
assumes plus_cont: ‹uniformly_continuous_on UNIV (λ(x::'c,y). x+y)›
assumes summableAB: "(f has_sum a) (Sigma A B)"
assumes summableB: ‹⋀x. x∈A ⟹ ((λy. f (x, y)) has_sum b x) (B x)›
shows "(b has_sum a) A"
proof -
define F FB FA where ‹F = finite_subsets_at_top (Sigma A B)› and ‹FB x = finite_subsets_at_top (B x)›
and ‹FA = finite_subsets_at_top A› for x
from summableB
have sum_b: ‹(sum (λy. f (x, y)) ⤏ b x) (FB x)› if ‹x ∈ A› for x
using FB_def[abs_def] has_sum_def that by auto
from summableAB
have sum_S: ‹(sum f ⤏ a) F›
using F_def has_sum_def by blast
have finite_proj: ‹finite {b| b. (a,b) ∈ H}› if ‹finite H› for H :: ‹('a×'b) set› and a
by (metis (no_types, lifting) finite_imageI finite_subset image_eqI mem_Collect_eq snd_conv subsetI that)
have ‹(sum b ⤏ a) FA›
proof (rule tendsto_iff_uniformity[THEN iffD2, rule_format])
fix E :: ‹('c × 'c) ⇒ bool›
assume ‹eventually E uniformity›
then obtain D where D_uni: ‹eventually D uniformity› and DDE': ‹⋀x y z. D (x, y) ⟹ D (y, z) ⟹ E (x, z)›
by (metis (no_types, lifting) ‹eventually E uniformity› uniformity_transE)
from sum_S obtain G where ‹finite G› and ‹G ⊆ Sigma A B›
and G_sum: ‹G ⊆ H ⟹ H ⊆ Sigma A B ⟹ finite H ⟹ D (sum f H, a)› for H
unfolding tendsto_iff_uniformity
by (metis (mono_tags, lifting) D_uni F_def eventually_finite_subsets_at_top)
have ‹finite (fst ` G)› and ‹fst ` G ⊆ A›
using ‹finite G› ‹G ⊆ Sigma A B› by auto
thm uniformity_prod_def
define Ga where ‹Ga a = {b. (a,b) ∈ G}› for a
have Ga_fin: ‹finite (Ga a)› and Ga_B: ‹Ga a ⊆ B a› for a
using ‹finite G› ‹G ⊆ Sigma A B› finite_proj by (auto simp: Ga_def finite_proj)
have ‹E (sum b M, a)› if ‹M ⊇ fst ` G› and ‹finite M› and ‹M ⊆ A› for M
proof -
define FMB where ‹FMB = finite_subsets_at_top (Sigma M B)›
have ‹eventually (λH. D (∑a∈M. b a, ∑(a,b)∈H. f (a,b))) FMB›
proof -
obtain D' where D'_uni: ‹eventually D' uniformity›
and ‹card M' ≤ card M ∧ (∀m∈M'. D' (g m, g' m)) ⟹ D (sum g M', sum g' M')›
for M' :: ‹'a set› and g g'
using sum_uniformity[OF plus_cont ‹eventually D uniformity›] by blast
then have D'_sum_D: ‹(∀m∈M. D' (g m, g' m)) ⟹ D (sum g M, sum g' M)› for g g'
by auto
obtain Ha where ‹Ha a ⊇ Ga a› and Ha_fin: ‹finite (Ha a)› and Ha_B: ‹Ha a ⊆ B a›
and D'_sum_Ha: ‹Ha a ⊆ L ⟹ L ⊆ B a ⟹ finite L ⟹ D' (b a, sum (λb. f (a,b)) L)› if ‹a ∈ A› for a L
proof -
from sum_b[unfolded tendsto_iff_uniformity, rule_format, OF _ D'_uni[THEN uniformity_sym]]
obtain Ha0 where ‹finite (Ha0 a)› and ‹Ha0 a ⊆ B a›
and ‹Ha0 a ⊆ L ⟹ L ⊆ B a ⟹ finite L ⟹ D' (b a, sum (λb. f (a,b)) L)› if ‹a ∈ A› for a L
unfolding FB_def eventually_finite_subsets_at_top unfolding prod.case by metis
moreover define Ha where ‹Ha a = Ha0 a ∪ Ga a› for a
ultimately show ?thesis
using that[where Ha=Ha]
using Ga_fin Ga_B by auto
qed
have ‹D (∑a∈M. b a, ∑(a,b)∈H. f (a,b))› if ‹finite H› and ‹H ⊆ Sigma M B› and ‹H ⊇ Sigma M Ha› for H
proof -
define Ha' where ‹Ha' a = {b| b. (a,b) ∈ H}› for a
have [simp]: ‹finite (Ha' a)› and [simp]: ‹Ha' a ⊇ Ha a› and [simp]: ‹Ha' a ⊆ B a› if ‹a ∈ M› for a
unfolding Ha'_def using ‹finite H› ‹H ⊆ Sigma M B› ‹Sigma M Ha ⊆ H› that finite_proj by auto
have ‹Sigma M Ha' = H›
using that by (auto simp: Ha'_def)
then have *: ‹(∑(a,b)∈H. f (a,b)) = (∑a∈M. ∑b∈Ha' a. f (a,b))›
by (simp add: ‹finite M› sum.Sigma)
have ‹D' (b a, sum (λb. f (a,b)) (Ha' a))› if ‹a ∈ M› for a
using D'_sum_Ha ‹M ⊆ A› that by auto
then have ‹D (∑a∈M. b a, ∑a∈M. sum (λb. f (a,b)) (Ha' a))›
by (rule_tac D'_sum_D, auto)
with * show ?thesis
by auto
qed
moreover have ‹Sigma M Ha ⊆ Sigma M B›
using Ha_B ‹M ⊆ A› by auto
ultimately show ?thesis
unfolding FMB_def eventually_finite_subsets_at_top
by (metis (no_types, lifting) Ha_fin finite_SigmaI subsetD that(2) that(3))
qed
moreover have ‹eventually (λH. D (∑(a,b)∈H. f (a,b), a)) FMB›
unfolding FMB_def eventually_finite_subsets_at_top
proof (rule exI[of _ G], safe)
fix Y assume Y: "finite Y" "G ⊆ Y" "Y ⊆ Sigma M B"
thus "D (∑(a,b)∈Y. f (a, b), a)"
using G_sum[of Y] Y using that(3) by fastforce
qed (use ‹finite G› ‹G ⊆ Sigma A B› that in auto)
ultimately have ‹∀⇩F x in FMB. E (sum b M, a)›
by eventually_elim (use DDE' in auto)
then show ‹E (sum b M, a)›
using FMB_def by force
qed
then show ‹∀⇩F x in FA. E (sum b x, a)›
using ‹finite (fst ` G)› and ‹fst ` G ⊆ A›
by (metis (mono_tags, lifting) FA_def eventually_finite_subsets_at_top)
qed
then show ?thesis
by (simp add: FA_def has_sum_def)
qed
lemma summable_on_Sigma:
fixes A :: "'a set" and B :: "'a ⇒ 'b set"
and f :: ‹'a ⇒ 'b ⇒ 'c::{comm_monoid_add, t2_space, uniform_space}›
assumes plus_cont: ‹uniformly_continuous_on UNIV (λ(x::'c,y). x+y)›
assumes summableAB: "(λ(x,y). f x y) summable_on (Sigma A B)"
assumes summableB: ‹⋀x. x∈A ⟹ (f x) summable_on (B x)›
shows ‹(λx. infsum (f x) (B x)) summable_on A›
proof -
from summableAB obtain a where a: ‹((λ(x,y). f x y) has_sum a) (Sigma A B)›
using has_sum_infsum by blast
from summableB have b: ‹⋀x. x∈A ⟹ (f x has_sum infsum (f x) (B x)) (B x)›
by (auto intro!: has_sum_infsum)
show ?thesis
using plus_cont a b
by (smt (verit) has_sum_Sigma[where f=‹λ(x,y). f x y›] has_sum_cong old.prod.case summable_on_def)
qed
lemma infsum_Sigma:
fixes A :: "'a set" and B :: "'a ⇒ 'b set"
and f :: ‹'a × 'b ⇒ 'c::{comm_monoid_add, t2_space, uniform_space}›
assumes plus_cont: ‹uniformly_continuous_on UNIV (λ(x::'c,y). x+y)›
assumes summableAB: "f summable_on (Sigma A B)"
assumes summableB: ‹⋀x. x∈A ⟹ (λy. f (x, y)) summable_on (B x)›
shows "infsum f (Sigma A B) = infsum (λx. infsum (λy. f (x, y)) (B x)) A"
proof -
from summableAB have a: ‹(f has_sum infsum f (Sigma A B)) (Sigma A B)›
using has_sum_infsum by blast
from summableB have b: ‹⋀x. x∈A ⟹ ((λy. f (x, y)) has_sum infsum (λy. f (x, y)) (B x)) (B x)›
by (auto intro!: has_sum_infsum)
show ?thesis
using plus_cont a b by (auto intro: infsumI[symmetric] has_sum_Sigma simp: summable_on_def)
qed
lemma infsum_Sigma':
fixes A :: "'a set" and B :: "'a ⇒ 'b set"
and f :: ‹'a ⇒ 'b ⇒ 'c::{comm_monoid_add, t2_space, uniform_space}›
assumes plus_cont: ‹uniformly_continuous_on UNIV (λ(x::'c,y). x+y)›
assumes summableAB: "(λ(x,y). f x y) summable_on (Sigma A B)"
assumes summableB: ‹⋀x. x∈A ⟹ (f x) summable_on (B x)›
shows ‹infsum (λx. infsum (f x) (B x)) A = infsum (λ(x,y). f x y) (Sigma A B)›
using infsum_Sigma[of ‹λ(x,y). f x y› A B]
using assms by auto
text ‹A special case of @{thm [source] infsum_Sigma} etc. for Banach spaces. It has less premises.›
lemma
fixes A :: "'a set" and B :: "'a ⇒ 'b set"
and f :: ‹'a ⇒ 'b ⇒ 'c::banach›
assumes [simp]: "(λ(x,y). f x y) summable_on (Sigma A B)"
shows infsum_Sigma'_banach: ‹infsum (λx. infsum (f x) (B x)) A = infsum (λ(x,y). f x y) (Sigma A B)› (is ?thesis1)
and summable_on_Sigma_banach: ‹(λx. infsum (f x) (B x)) summable_on A› (is ?thesis2)
proof -
have fsum: ‹(f x) summable_on (B x)› if ‹x ∈ A› for x
proof -
from assms
have ‹(λ(x,y). f x y) summable_on (Pair x ` B x)›
by (meson image_subset_iff summable_on_subset_banach mem_Sigma_iff that)
then have ‹((λ(x,y). f x y) ∘ Pair x) summable_on (B x)›
by (metis summable_on_reindex inj_on_def prod.inject)
then show ?thesis
by (auto simp: o_def)
qed
show ?thesis1
using fsum assms infsum_Sigma' isUCont_plus by blast
show ?thesis2
using fsum assms isUCont_plus summable_on_Sigma by blast
qed
lemma infsum_Sigma_banach:
fixes A :: "'a set" and B :: "'a ⇒ 'b set"
and f :: ‹'a × 'b ⇒ 'c::banach›
assumes [simp]: "f summable_on (Sigma A B)"
shows ‹infsum (λx. infsum (λy. f (x,y)) (B x)) A = infsum f (Sigma A B)›
using assms by (simp add: infsum_Sigma'_banach)
lemma infsum_swap:
fixes A :: "'a set" and B :: "'b set"
fixes f :: "'a ⇒ 'b ⇒ 'c::{comm_monoid_add,t2_space,uniform_space}"
assumes plus_cont: ‹uniformly_continuous_on UNIV (λ(x::'c,y). x+y)›
assumes ‹(λ(x, y). f x y) summable_on (A × B)›
assumes ‹⋀a. a∈A ⟹ (f a) summable_on B›
assumes ‹⋀b. b∈B ⟹ (λa. f a b) summable_on A›
shows ‹infsum (λx. infsum (λy. f x y) B) A = infsum (λy. infsum (λx. f x y) A) B›
proof -
have "(λ(x, y). f y x) ∘ prod.swap summable_on A × B"
by (simp add: assms(2) summable_on_cong)
then have fyx: ‹(λ(x, y). f y x) summable_on (B × A)›
by (metis has_sum_reindex infsum_reindex inj_swap product_swap summable_iff_has_sum_infsum)
have ‹infsum (λx. infsum (λy. f x y) B) A = infsum (λ(x,y). f x y) (A × B)›
using assms infsum_Sigma' by blast
also have ‹… = infsum (λ(x,y). f y x) (B × A)›
apply (subst product_swap[symmetric])
apply (subst infsum_reindex)
using assms by (auto simp: o_def)
also have ‹… = infsum (λy. infsum (λx. f x y) A) B›
by (smt (verit) fyx assms(1) assms(4) infsum_Sigma' infsum_cong)
finally show ?thesis .
qed
lemma infsum_swap_banach:
fixes A :: "'a set" and B :: "'b set"
fixes f :: "'a ⇒ 'b ⇒ 'c::banach"
assumes ‹(λ(x, y). f x y) summable_on (A × B)›
shows "infsum (λx. infsum (λy. f x y) B) A = infsum (λy. infsum (λx. f x y) A) B"
proof -
have §: ‹(λ(x, y). f y x) summable_on (B × A)›
by (metis (mono_tags, lifting) assms case_swap inj_swap o_apply product_swap summable_on_cong summable_on_reindex)
have ‹infsum (λx. infsum (λy. f x y) B) A = infsum (λ(x,y). f x y) (A × B)›
using assms infsum_Sigma'_banach by blast
also have ‹… = infsum (λ(x,y). f y x) (B × A)›
apply (subst product_swap[symmetric])
apply (subst infsum_reindex)
using assms by (auto simp: o_def)
also have ‹… = infsum (λy. infsum (λx. f x y) A) B›
by (metis (mono_tags, lifting) § infsum_Sigma'_banach infsum_cong)
finally show ?thesis .
qed
lemma nonneg_infsum_le_0D:
fixes f :: "'a ⇒ 'b::{topological_ab_group_add,ordered_ab_group_add,linorder_topology}"
assumes "infsum f A ≤ 0"
and abs_sum: "f summable_on A"
and nneg: "⋀x. x ∈ A ⟹ f x ≥