Theory Set_Interval
section ‹Set intervals›
theory Set_Interval
imports Parity
begin
lemma card_2_iff: "card S = 2 ⟷ (∃x y. S = {x,y} ∧ x ≠ y)"
by (auto simp: card_Suc_eq numeral_eq_Suc)
lemma card_2_iff': "card S = 2 ⟷ (∃x∈S. ∃y∈S. x ≠ y ∧ (∀z∈S. z = x ∨ z = y))"
by (auto simp: card_Suc_eq numeral_eq_Suc)
lemma card_3_iff: "card S = 3 ⟷ (∃x y z. S = {x,y,z} ∧ x ≠ y ∧ y ≠ z ∧ x ≠ z)"
by (fastforce simp: card_Suc_eq numeral_eq_Suc)
context ord
begin
definition
lessThan :: "'a => 'a set" ("(1{..<_})") where
"{..<u} == {x. x < u}"
definition
atMost :: "'a => 'a set" ("(1{.._})") where
"{..u} == {x. x ≤ u}"
definition
greaterThan :: "'a => 'a set" ("(1{_<..})") where
"{l<..} == {x. l<x}"
definition
atLeast :: "'a => 'a set" ("(1{_..})") where
"{l..} == {x. l≤x}"
definition
greaterThanLessThan :: "'a => 'a => 'a set" ("(1{_<..<_})") where
"{l<..<u} == {l<..} Int {..<u}"
definition
atLeastLessThan :: "'a => 'a => 'a set" ("(1{_..<_})") where
"{l..<u} == {l..} Int {..<u}"
definition
greaterThanAtMost :: "'a => 'a => 'a set" ("(1{_<.._})") where
"{l<..u} == {l<..} Int {..u}"
definition
atLeastAtMost :: "'a => 'a => 'a set" ("(1{_.._})") where
"{l..u} == {l..} Int {..u}"
end
text‹A note of warning when using \<^term>‹{..<n}› on type \<^typ>‹nat›: it is equivalent to \<^term>‹{0::nat..<n}› but some lemmas involving
\<^term>‹{m..<n}› may not exist in \<^term>‹{..<n}›-form as well.›
syntax (ASCII)
"_UNION_le" :: "'a => 'a => 'b set => 'b set" ("(3UN _<=_./ _)" [0, 0, 10] 10)
"_UNION_less" :: "'a => 'a => 'b set => 'b set" ("(3UN _<_./ _)" [0, 0, 10] 10)
"_INTER_le" :: "'a => 'a => 'b set => 'b set" ("(3INT _<=_./ _)" [0, 0, 10] 10)
"_INTER_less" :: "'a => 'a => 'b set => 'b set" ("(3INT _<_./ _)" [0, 0, 10] 10)
syntax (latex output)
"_UNION_le" :: "'a ⇒ 'a => 'b set => 'b set" ("(3⋃(‹unbreakable›_ ≤ _)/ _)" [0, 0, 10] 10)
"_UNION_less" :: "'a ⇒ 'a => 'b set => 'b set" ("(3⋃(‹unbreakable›_ < _)/ _)" [0, 0, 10] 10)
"_INTER_le" :: "'a ⇒ 'a => 'b set => 'b set" ("(3⋂(‹unbreakable›_ ≤ _)/ _)" [0, 0, 10] 10)
"_INTER_less" :: "'a ⇒ 'a => 'b set => 'b set" ("(3⋂(‹unbreakable›_ < _)/ _)" [0, 0, 10] 10)
syntax
"_UNION_le" :: "'a => 'a => 'b set => 'b set" ("(3⋃_≤_./ _)" [0, 0, 10] 10)
"_UNION_less" :: "'a => 'a => 'b set => 'b set" ("(3⋃_<_./ _)" [0, 0, 10] 10)
"_INTER_le" :: "'a => 'a => 'b set => 'b set" ("(3⋂_≤_./ _)" [0, 0, 10] 10)
"_INTER_less" :: "'a => 'a => 'b set => 'b set" ("(3⋂_<_./ _)" [0, 0, 10] 10)
translations
"⋃i≤n. A" ⇌ "⋃i∈{..n}. A"
"⋃i<n. A" ⇌ "⋃i∈{..<n}. A"
"⋂i≤n. A" ⇌ "⋂i∈{..n}. A"
"⋂i<n. A" ⇌ "⋂i∈{..<n}. A"
subsection ‹Various equivalences›
lemma (in ord) lessThan_iff [iff]: "(i ∈ lessThan k) = (i<k)"
by (simp add: lessThan_def)
lemma Compl_lessThan [simp]:
"!!k:: 'a::linorder. -lessThan k = atLeast k"
by (auto simp add: lessThan_def atLeast_def)
lemma single_Diff_lessThan [simp]: "!!k:: 'a::preorder. {k} - lessThan k = {k}"
by auto
lemma (in ord) greaterThan_iff [iff]: "(i ∈ greaterThan k) = (k<i)"
by (simp add: greaterThan_def)
lemma Compl_greaterThan [simp]:
"!!k:: 'a::linorder. -greaterThan k = atMost k"
by (auto simp add: greaterThan_def atMost_def)
lemma Compl_atMost [simp]: "!!k:: 'a::linorder. -atMost k = greaterThan k"
by (metis Compl_greaterThan double_complement)
lemma (in ord) atLeast_iff [iff]: "(i ∈ atLeast k) = (k<=i)"
by (simp add: atLeast_def)
lemma Compl_atLeast [simp]: "!!k:: 'a::linorder. -atLeast k = lessThan k"
by (auto simp add: lessThan_def atLeast_def)
lemma (in ord) atMost_iff [iff]: "(i ∈ atMost k) = (i<=k)"
by (simp add: atMost_def)
lemma atMost_Int_atLeast: "!!n:: 'a::order. atMost n Int atLeast n = {n}"
by (blast intro: order_antisym)
lemma (in linorder) lessThan_Int_lessThan: "{ a <..} ∩ { b <..} = { max a b <..}"
by auto
lemma (in linorder) greaterThan_Int_greaterThan: "{..< a} ∩ {..< b} = {..< min a b}"
by auto
subsection ‹Logical Equivalences for Set Inclusion and Equality›
lemma atLeast_empty_triv [simp]: "{{}..} = UNIV"
by auto
lemma atMost_UNIV_triv [simp]: "{..UNIV} = UNIV"
by auto
lemma atLeast_subset_iff [iff]:
"(atLeast x ⊆ atLeast y) = (y ≤ (x::'a::preorder))"
by (blast intro: order_trans)
lemma atLeast_eq_iff [iff]:
"(atLeast x = atLeast y) = (x = (y::'a::order))"
by (blast intro: order_antisym order_trans)
lemma greaterThan_subset_iff [iff]:
"(greaterThan x ⊆ greaterThan y) = (y ≤ (x::'a::linorder))"
unfolding greaterThan_def by (auto simp: linorder_not_less [symmetric])
lemma greaterThan_eq_iff [iff]:
"(greaterThan x = greaterThan y) = (x = (y::'a::linorder))"
by (auto simp: elim!: equalityE)
lemma atMost_subset_iff [iff]: "(atMost x ⊆ atMost y) = (x ≤ (y::'a::preorder))"
by (blast intro: order_trans)
lemma atMost_eq_iff [iff]: "(atMost x = atMost y) = (x = (y::'a::order))"
by (blast intro: order_antisym order_trans)
lemma lessThan_subset_iff [iff]:
"(lessThan x ⊆ lessThan y) = (x ≤ (y::'a::linorder))"
unfolding lessThan_def by (auto simp: linorder_not_less [symmetric])
lemma lessThan_eq_iff [iff]:
"(lessThan x = lessThan y) = (x = (y::'a::linorder))"
by (auto simp: elim!: equalityE)
lemma lessThan_strict_subset_iff:
fixes m n :: "'a::linorder"
shows "{..<m} < {..<n} ⟷ m < n"
by (metis leD lessThan_subset_iff linorder_linear not_less_iff_gr_or_eq psubset_eq)
lemma (in linorder) Ici_subset_Ioi_iff: "{a ..} ⊆ {b <..} ⟷ b < a"
by auto
lemma (in linorder) Iic_subset_Iio_iff: "{.. a} ⊆ {..< b} ⟷ a < b"
by auto
lemma (in preorder) Ioi_le_Ico: "{a <..} ⊆ {a ..}"
by (auto intro: less_imp_le)
subsection ‹Two-sided intervals›
context ord
begin
lemma greaterThanLessThan_iff [simp]: "(i ∈ {l<..<u}) = (l < i ∧ i < u)"
by (simp add: greaterThanLessThan_def)
lemma atLeastLessThan_iff [simp]: "(i ∈ {l..<u}) = (l ≤ i ∧ i < u)"
by (simp add: atLeastLessThan_def)
lemma greaterThanAtMost_iff [simp]: "(i ∈ {l<..u}) = (l < i ∧ i ≤ u)"
by (simp add: greaterThanAtMost_def)
lemma atLeastAtMost_iff [simp]: "(i ∈ {l..u}) = (l ≤ i ∧ i ≤ u)"
by (simp add: atLeastAtMost_def)
text ‹The above four lemmas could be declared as iffs. Unfortunately this
breaks many proofs. Since it only helps blast, it is better to leave them
alone.›
lemma greaterThanLessThan_eq: "{ a <..< b} = { a <..} ∩ {..< b }"
by auto
lemma (in order) atLeastLessThan_eq_atLeastAtMost_diff:
"{a..<b} = {a..b} - {b}"
by (auto simp add: atLeastLessThan_def atLeastAtMost_def)
lemma (in order) greaterThanAtMost_eq_atLeastAtMost_diff:
"{a<..b} = {a..b} - {a}"
by (auto simp add: greaterThanAtMost_def atLeastAtMost_def)
end
subsubsection‹Emptyness, singletons, subset›
context preorder
begin
lemma atLeastatMost_empty_iff[simp]:
"{a..b} = {} ⟷ (¬ a ≤ b)"
by auto (blast intro: order_trans)
lemma atLeastatMost_empty_iff2[simp]:
"{} = {a..b} ⟷ (¬ a ≤ b)"
by auto (blast intro: order_trans)
lemma atLeastLessThan_empty_iff[simp]:
"{a..<b} = {} ⟷ (¬ a < b)"
by auto (blast intro: le_less_trans)
lemma atLeastLessThan_empty_iff2[simp]:
"{} = {a..<b} ⟷ (¬ a < b)"
by auto (blast intro: le_less_trans)
lemma greaterThanAtMost_empty_iff[simp]: "{k<..l} = {} ⟷ ¬ k < l"
by auto (blast intro: less_le_trans)
lemma greaterThanAtMost_empty_iff2[simp]: "{} = {k<..l} ⟷ ¬ k < l"
by auto (blast intro: less_le_trans)
lemma atLeastatMost_subset_iff[simp]:
"{a..b} ≤ {c..d} ⟷ (¬ a ≤ b) ∨ c ≤ a ∧ b ≤ d"
unfolding atLeastAtMost_def atLeast_def atMost_def
by (blast intro: order_trans)
lemma atLeastatMost_psubset_iff:
"{a..b} < {c..d} ⟷
((¬ a ≤ b) ∨ c ≤ a ∧ b ≤ d ∧ (c < a ∨ b < d)) ∧ c ≤ d"
by(simp add: psubset_eq set_eq_iff less_le_not_le)(blast intro: order_trans)
lemma atLeastAtMost_subseteq_atLeastLessThan_iff:
"{a..b} ⊆ {c ..< d} ⟷ (a ≤ b ⟶ c ≤ a ∧ b < d)"
by auto (blast intro: local.order_trans local.le_less_trans elim: )+
lemma Icc_subset_Ici_iff[simp]:
"{l..h} ⊆ {l'..} = (¬ l≤h ∨ l≥l')"
by(auto simp: subset_eq intro: order_trans)
lemma Icc_subset_Iic_iff[simp]:
"{l..h} ⊆ {..h'} = (¬ l≤h ∨ h≤h')"
by(auto simp: subset_eq intro: order_trans)
lemma not_Ici_eq_empty[simp]: "{l..} ≠ {}"
by(auto simp: set_eq_iff)
lemma not_Iic_eq_empty[simp]: "{..h} ≠ {}"
by(auto simp: set_eq_iff)
lemmas not_empty_eq_Ici_eq_empty[simp] = not_Ici_eq_empty[symmetric]
lemmas not_empty_eq_Iic_eq_empty[simp] = not_Iic_eq_empty[symmetric]
end
context order
begin
lemma atLeastatMost_empty[simp]: "b < a ⟹ {a..b} = {}"
and atLeastatMost_empty'[simp]: "¬ a ≤ b ⟹ {a..b} = {}"
by(auto simp: atLeastAtMost_def atLeast_def atMost_def)
lemma atLeastLessThan_empty[simp]:
"b ≤ a ⟹ {a..<b} = {}"
by(auto simp: atLeastLessThan_def)
lemma greaterThanAtMost_empty[simp]: "l ≤ k ==> {k<..l} = {}"
by(auto simp:greaterThanAtMost_def greaterThan_def atMost_def)
lemma greaterThanLessThan_empty[simp]:"l ≤ k ==> {k<..<l} = {}"
by(auto simp:greaterThanLessThan_def greaterThan_def lessThan_def)
lemma atLeastAtMost_singleton [simp]: "{a..a} = {a}"
by (auto simp add: atLeastAtMost_def atMost_def atLeast_def)
lemma atLeastAtMost_singleton': "a = b ⟹ {a .. b} = {a}" by simp
lemma Icc_eq_Icc[simp]:
"{l..h} = {l'..h'} = (l=l' ∧ h=h' ∨ ¬ l≤h ∧ ¬ l'≤h')"
by (simp add: order_class.order.eq_iff) (auto intro: order_trans)
lemma (in linorder) Ico_eq_Ico:
"{l..<h} = {l'..<h'} = (l=l' ∧ h=h' ∨ ¬ l<h ∧ ¬ l'<h')"
by (metis atLeastLessThan_empty_iff2 nle_le not_less ord.atLeastLessThan_iff)
lemma atLeastAtMost_singleton_iff[simp]:
"{a .. b} = {c} ⟷ a = b ∧ b = c"
proof
assume "{a..b} = {c}"
hence *: "¬ (¬ a ≤ b)" unfolding atLeastatMost_empty_iff[symmetric] by simp
with ‹{a..b} = {c}› have "c ≤ a ∧ b ≤ c" by auto
with * show "a = b ∧ b = c" by auto
qed simp
end
context no_top
begin
lemma not_UNIV_le_Icc[simp]: "¬ UNIV ⊆ {l..h}"
using gt_ex[of h] by(auto simp: subset_eq less_le_not_le)
lemma not_UNIV_le_Iic[simp]: "¬ UNIV ⊆ {..h}"
using gt_ex[of h] by(auto simp: subset_eq less_le_not_le)
lemma not_Ici_le_Icc[simp]: "¬ {l..} ⊆ {l'..h'}"
using gt_ex[of h']
by(auto simp: subset_eq less_le)(blast dest:antisym_conv intro: order_trans)
lemma not_Ici_le_Iic[simp]: "¬ {l..} ⊆ {..h'}"
using gt_ex[of h']
by(auto simp: subset_eq less_le)(blast dest:antisym_conv intro: order_trans)
end
context no_bot
begin
lemma not_UNIV_le_Ici[simp]: "¬ UNIV ⊆ {l..}"
using lt_ex[of l] by(auto simp: subset_eq less_le_not_le)
lemma not_Iic_le_Icc[simp]: "¬ {..h} ⊆ {l'..h'}"
using lt_ex[of l']
by(auto simp: subset_eq less_le)(blast dest:antisym_conv intro: order_trans)
lemma not_Iic_le_Ici[simp]: "¬ {..h} ⊆ {l'..}"
using lt_ex[of l']
by(auto simp: subset_eq less_le)(blast dest:antisym_conv intro: order_trans)
end
context no_top
begin
lemma not_UNIV_eq_Icc[simp]: "¬ UNIV = {l'..h'}"
using gt_ex[of h'] by(auto simp: set_eq_iff less_le_not_le)
lemmas not_Icc_eq_UNIV[simp] = not_UNIV_eq_Icc[symmetric]
lemma not_UNIV_eq_Iic[simp]: "¬ UNIV = {..h'}"
using gt_ex[of h'] by(auto simp: set_eq_iff less_le_not_le)
lemmas not_Iic_eq_UNIV[simp] = not_UNIV_eq_Iic[symmetric]
lemma not_Icc_eq_Ici[simp]: "¬ {l..h} = {l'..}"
unfolding atLeastAtMost_def using not_Ici_le_Iic[of l'] by blast
lemmas not_Ici_eq_Icc[simp] = not_Icc_eq_Ici[symmetric]
lemma not_Iic_eq_Ici[simp]: "¬ {..h} = {l'..}"
using not_Ici_le_Iic[of l' h] by blast
lemmas not_Ici_eq_Iic[simp] = not_Iic_eq_Ici[symmetric]
end
context no_bot
begin
lemma not_UNIV_eq_Ici[simp]: "¬ UNIV = {l'..}"
using lt_ex[of l'] by(auto simp: set_eq_iff less_le_not_le)
lemmas not_Ici_eq_UNIV[simp] = not_UNIV_eq_Ici[symmetric]
lemma not_Icc_eq_Iic[simp]: "¬ {l..h} = {..h'}"
unfolding atLeastAtMost_def using not_Iic_le_Ici[of h'] by blast
lemmas not_Iic_eq_Icc[simp] = not_Icc_eq_Iic[symmetric]
end
context dense_linorder
begin
lemma greaterThanLessThan_empty_iff[simp]:
"{ a <..< b } = {} ⟷ b ≤ a"
using dense[of a b] by (cases "a < b") auto
lemma greaterThanLessThan_empty_iff2[simp]:
"{} = { a <..< b } ⟷ b ≤ a"
using dense[of a b] by (cases "a < b") auto
lemma atLeastLessThan_subseteq_atLeastAtMost_iff:
"{a ..< b} ⊆ { c .. d } ⟷ (a < b ⟶ c ≤ a ∧ b ≤ d)"
using dense[of "max a d" "b"]
by (force simp: subset_eq Ball_def not_less[symmetric])
lemma greaterThanAtMost_subseteq_atLeastAtMost_iff:
"{a <.. b} ⊆ { c .. d } ⟷ (a < b ⟶ c ≤ a ∧ b ≤ d)"
using dense[of "a" "min c b"]
by (force simp: subset_eq Ball_def not_less[symmetric])
lemma greaterThanLessThan_subseteq_atLeastAtMost_iff:
"{a <..< b} ⊆ { c .. d } ⟷ (a < b ⟶ c ≤ a ∧ b ≤ d)"
using dense[of "a" "min c b"] dense[of "max a d" "b"]
by (force simp: subset_eq Ball_def not_less[symmetric])
lemma greaterThanLessThan_subseteq_greaterThanLessThan:
"{a <..< b} ⊆ {c <..< d} ⟷ (a < b ⟶ a ≥ c ∧ b ≤ d)"
using dense[of "a" "min c b"] dense[of "max a d" "b"]
by (force simp: subset_eq Ball_def not_less[symmetric])
lemma greaterThanAtMost_subseteq_atLeastLessThan_iff:
"{a <.. b} ⊆ { c ..< d } ⟷ (a < b ⟶ c ≤ a ∧ b < d)"
using dense[of "a" "min c b"]
by (force simp: subset_eq Ball_def not_less[symmetric])
lemma greaterThanLessThan_subseteq_atLeastLessThan_iff:
"{a <..< b} ⊆ { c ..< d } ⟷ (a < b ⟶ c ≤ a ∧ b ≤ d)"
using dense[of "a" "min c b"] dense[of "max a d" "b"]
by (force simp: subset_eq Ball_def not_less[symmetric])
lemma greaterThanLessThan_subseteq_greaterThanAtMost_iff:
"{a <..< b} ⊆ { c <.. d } ⟷ (a < b ⟶ c ≤ a ∧ b ≤ d)"
using dense[of "a" "min c b"] dense[of "max a d" "b"]
by (force simp: subset_eq Ball_def not_less[symmetric])
end
context no_top
begin
lemma greaterThan_non_empty[simp]: "{x <..} ≠ {}"
using gt_ex[of x] by auto
end
context no_bot
begin
lemma lessThan_non_empty[simp]: "{..< x} ≠ {}"
using lt_ex[of x] by auto
end
lemma (in linorder) atLeastLessThan_subset_iff:
"{a..<b} ⊆ {c..<d} ⟹ b ≤ a ∨ c≤a ∧ b≤d"
proof (cases "a < b")
case True
assume assm: "{a..<b} ⊆ {c..<d}"
then have 1: "c ≤ a ∧ a ≤ d"
using True by (auto simp add: subset_eq Ball_def)
then have 2: "b ≤ d"
using assm by (auto simp add: subset_eq)
from 1 2 show ?thesis
by simp
qed (auto)
lemma atLeastLessThan_inj:
fixes a b c d :: "'a::linorder"
assumes eq: "{a ..< b} = {c ..< d}" and "a < b" "c < d"
shows "a = c" "b = d"
using assms by (metis atLeastLessThan_subset_iff eq less_le_not_le antisym_conv2 subset_refl)+
lemma atLeastLessThan_eq_iff:
fixes a b c d :: "'a::linorder"
assumes "a < b" "c < d"
shows "{a ..< b} = {c ..< d} ⟷ a = c ∧ b = d"
using atLeastLessThan_inj assms by auto
lemma (in linorder) Ioc_inj:
‹{a <.. b} = {c <.. d} ⟷ (b ≤ a ∧ d ≤ c) ∨ a = c ∧ b = d› (is ‹?P ⟷ ?Q›)
proof
assume ?Q
then show ?P
by auto
next
assume ?P
then have ‹a < x ∧ x ≤ b ⟷ c < x ∧ x ≤ d› for x
by (simp add: set_eq_iff)
from this [of a] this [of b] this [of c] this [of d] show ?Q
by auto
qed
lemma (in order) Iio_Int_singleton: "{..<k} ∩ {x} = (if x < k then {x} else {})"
by auto
lemma (in linorder) Ioc_subset_iff: "{a<..b} ⊆ {c<..d} ⟷ (b ≤ a ∨ c ≤ a ∧ b ≤ d)"
by (auto simp: subset_eq Ball_def) (metis less_le not_less)
lemma (in order_bot) atLeast_eq_UNIV_iff: "{x..} = UNIV ⟷ x = bot"
by (auto simp: set_eq_iff intro: le_bot)
lemma (in order_top) atMost_eq_UNIV_iff: "{..x} = UNIV ⟷ x = top"
by (auto simp: set_eq_iff intro: top_le)
lemma (in bounded_lattice) atLeastAtMost_eq_UNIV_iff:
"{x..y} = UNIV ⟷ (x = bot ∧ y = top)"
by (auto simp: set_eq_iff intro: top_le le_bot)
lemma Iio_eq_empty_iff: "{..< n::'a::{linorder, order_bot}} = {} ⟷ n = bot"
by (auto simp: set_eq_iff not_less le_bot)
lemma lessThan_empty_iff: "{..< n::nat} = {} ⟷ n = 0"
by (simp add: Iio_eq_empty_iff bot_nat_def)
lemma mono_image_least:
assumes f_mono: "mono f" and f_img: "f ` {m ..< n} = {m' ..< n'}" "m < n"
shows "f m = m'"
proof -
from f_img have "{m' ..< n'} ≠ {}"
by (metis atLeastLessThan_empty_iff image_is_empty)
with f_img have "m' ∈ f ` {m ..< n}" by auto
then obtain k where "f k = m'" "m ≤ k" by auto
moreover have "m' ≤ f m" using f_img by auto
ultimately show "f m = m'"
using f_mono by (auto elim: monoE[where x=m and y=k])
qed
subsection ‹Infinite intervals›
context dense_linorder
begin
lemma infinite_Ioo:
assumes "a < b"
shows "¬ finite {a<..<b}"
proof
assume fin: "finite {a<..<b}"
moreover have ne: "{a<..<b} ≠ {}"
using ‹a < b› by auto
ultimately have "a < Max {a <..< b}" "Max {a <..< b} < b"
using Max_in[of "{a <..< b}"] by auto
then obtain x where "Max {a <..< b} < x" "x < b"
using dense[of "Max {a<..<b}" b] by auto
then have "x ∈ {a <..< b}"
using ‹a < Max {a <..< b}› by auto
then have "x ≤ Max {a <..< b}"
using fin by auto
with ‹Max {a <..< b} < x› show False by auto
qed
lemma infinite_Icc: "a < b ⟹ ¬ finite {a .. b}"
using greaterThanLessThan_subseteq_atLeastAtMost_iff[of a b a b] infinite_Ioo[of a b]
by (auto dest: finite_subset)
lemma infinite_Ico: "a < b ⟹ ¬ finite {a ..< b}"
using greaterThanLessThan_subseteq_atLeastLessThan_iff[of a b a b] infinite_Ioo[of a b]
by (auto dest: finite_subset)
lemma infinite_Ioc: "a < b ⟹ ¬ finite {a <.. b}"
using greaterThanLessThan_subseteq_greaterThanAtMost_iff[of a b a b] infinite_Ioo[of a b]
by (auto dest: finite_subset)
lemma infinite_Ioo_iff [simp]: "infinite {a<..<b} ⟷ a < b"
using not_less_iff_gr_or_eq by (fastforce simp: infinite_Ioo)
lemma infinite_Icc_iff [simp]: "infinite {a .. b} ⟷ a < b"
using not_less_iff_gr_or_eq by (fastforce simp: infinite_Icc)
lemma infinite_Ico_iff [simp]: "infinite {a..<b} ⟷ a < b"
using not_less_iff_gr_or_eq by (fastforce simp: infinite_Ico)
lemma infinite_Ioc_iff [simp]: "infinite {a<..b} ⟷ a < b"
using not_less_iff_gr_or_eq by (fastforce simp: infinite_Ioc)
end
lemma infinite_Iio: "¬ finite {..< a :: 'a :: {no_bot, linorder}}"
proof
assume "finite {..< a}"
then have *: "⋀x. x < a ⟹ Min {..< a} ≤ x"
by auto
obtain x where "x < a"
using lt_ex by auto
obtain y where "y < Min {..< a}"
using lt_ex by auto
also have "Min {..< a} ≤ x"
using ‹x < a› by fact
also note ‹x < a›
finally have "Min {..< a} ≤ y"
by fact
with ‹y < Min {..< a}› show False by auto
qed
lemma infinite_Iic: "¬ finite {.. a :: 'a :: {no_bot, linorder}}"
using infinite_Iio[of a] finite_subset[of "{..< a}" "{.. a}"]
by (auto simp: subset_eq less_imp_le)
lemma infinite_Ioi: "¬ finite {a :: 'a :: {no_top, linorder} <..}"
proof
assume "finite {a <..}"
then have *: "⋀x. a < x ⟹ x ≤ Max {a <..}"
by auto
obtain y where "Max {a <..} < y"
using gt_ex by auto
obtain x where x: "a < x"
using gt_ex by auto
also from x have "x ≤ Max {a <..}"
by fact
also note ‹Max {a <..} < y›
finally have "y ≤ Max { a <..}"
by fact
with ‹Max {a <..} < y› show False by auto
qed
lemma infinite_Ici: "¬ finite {a :: 'a :: {no_top, linorder} ..}"
using infinite_Ioi[of a] finite_subset[of "{a <..}" "{a ..}"]
by (auto simp: subset_eq less_imp_le)
subsubsection ‹Intersection›
context linorder
begin
lemma Int_atLeastAtMost[simp]: "{a..b} Int {c..d} = {max a c .. min b d}"
by auto
lemma Int_atLeastAtMostR1[simp]: "{..b} Int {c..d} = {c .. min b d}"
by auto
lemma Int_atLeastAtMostR2[simp]: "{a..} Int {c..d} = {max a c .. d}"
by auto
lemma Int_atLeastAtMostL1[simp]: "{a..b} Int {..d} = {a .. min b d}"
by auto
lemma Int_atLeastAtMostL2[simp]: "{a..b} Int {c..} = {max a c .. b}"
by auto
lemma Int_atLeastLessThan[simp]: "{a..<b} Int {c..<d} = {max a c ..< min b d}"
by auto
lemma Int_greaterThanAtMost[simp]: "{a<..b} Int {c<..d} = {max a c <.. min b d}"
by auto
lemma Int_greaterThanLessThan[simp]: "{a<..<b} Int {c<..<d} = {max a c <..< min b d}"
by auto
lemma Int_atMost[simp]: "{..a} ∩ {..b} = {.. min a b}"
by (auto simp: min_def)
lemma Ioc_disjoint: "{a<..b} ∩ {c<..d} = {} ⟷ b ≤ a ∨ d ≤ c ∨ b ≤ c ∨ d ≤ a"
by auto
end
context complete_lattice
begin
lemma
shows Sup_atLeast[simp]: "Sup {x ..} = top"
and Sup_greaterThanAtLeast[simp]: "x < top ⟹ Sup {x <..} = top"
and Sup_atMost[simp]: "Sup {.. y} = y"
and Sup_atLeastAtMost[simp]: "x ≤ y ⟹ Sup { x .. y} = y"
and Sup_greaterThanAtMost[simp]: "x < y ⟹ Sup { x <.. y} = y"
by (auto intro!: Sup_eqI)
lemma
shows Inf_atMost[simp]: "Inf {.. x} = bot"
and Inf_atMostLessThan[simp]: "top < x ⟹ Inf {..< x} = bot"
and Inf_atLeast[simp]: "Inf {x ..} = x"
and Inf_atLeastAtMost[simp]: "x ≤ y ⟹ Inf { x .. y} = x"
and Inf_atLeastLessThan[simp]: "x < y ⟹ Inf { x ..< y} = x"
by (auto intro!: Inf_eqI)
end
lemma
fixes x y :: "'a :: {complete_lattice, dense_linorder}"
shows Sup_lessThan[simp]: "Sup {..< y} = y"
and Sup_atLeastLessThan[simp]: "x < y ⟹ Sup { x ..< y} = y"
and Sup_greaterThanLessThan[simp]: "x < y ⟹ Sup { x <..< y} = y"
and Inf_greaterThan[simp]: "Inf {x <..} = x"
and Inf_greaterThanAtMost[simp]: "x < y ⟹ Inf { x <.. y} = x"
and Inf_greaterThanLessThan[simp]: "x < y ⟹ Inf { x <..< y} = x"
by (auto intro!: Inf_eqI Sup_eqI intro: dense_le dense_le_bounded dense_ge dense_ge_bounded)
subsection ‹Intervals of natural numbers›
subsubsection ‹The Constant \<^term>‹lessThan››
lemma lessThan_0 [simp]: "lessThan (0::nat) = {}"
by (simp add: lessThan_def)
lemma lessThan_Suc: "lessThan (Suc k) = insert k (lessThan k)"
by (simp add: lessThan_def less_Suc_eq, blast)
text ‹The following proof is convenient in induction proofs where
new elements get indices at the beginning. So it is used to transform
\<^term>‹{..<Suc n}› to \<^term>‹0::nat› and \<^term>‹{..< n}›.›
lemma zero_notin_Suc_image [simp]: "0 ∉ Suc ` A"
by auto
lemma lessThan_Suc_eq_insert_0: "{..<Suc n} = insert 0 (Suc ` {..<n})"
by (auto simp: image_iff less_Suc_eq_0_disj)
lemma lessThan_Suc_atMost: "lessThan (Suc k) = atMost k"
by (simp add: lessThan_def atMost_def less_Suc_eq_le)
lemma atMost_Suc_eq_insert_0: "{.. Suc n} = insert 0 (Suc ` {.. n})"
unfolding lessThan_Suc_atMost[symmetric] lessThan_Suc_eq_insert_0[of "Suc n"] ..
lemma UN_lessThan_UNIV: "(⋃m::nat. lessThan m) = UNIV"
by blast
subsubsection ‹The Constant \<^term>‹greaterThan››
lemma greaterThan_0: "greaterThan 0 = range Suc"
unfolding greaterThan_def
by (blast dest: gr0_conv_Suc [THEN iffD1])
lemma greaterThan_Suc: "greaterThan (Suc k) = greaterThan k - {Suc k}"
unfolding greaterThan_def
by (auto elim: linorder_neqE)
lemma INT_greaterThan_UNIV: "(⋂m::nat. greaterThan m) = {}"
by blast
subsubsection ‹The Constant \<^term>‹atLeast››
lemma atLeast_0 [simp]: "atLeast (0::nat) = UNIV"
by (unfold atLeast_def UNIV_def, simp)
lemma atLeast_Suc: "atLeast (Suc k) = atLeast k - {k}"
unfolding atLeast_def by (auto simp: order_le_less Suc_le_eq)
lemma atLeast_Suc_greaterThan: "atLeast (Suc k) = greaterThan k"
by (auto simp add: greaterThan_def atLeast_def less_Suc_eq_le)
lemma UN_atLeast_UNIV: "(⋃m::nat. atLeast m) = UNIV"
by blast
subsubsection ‹The Constant \<^term>‹atMost››
lemma atMost_0 [simp]: "atMost (0::nat) = {0}"
by (simp add: atMost_def)
lemma atMost_Suc: "atMost (Suc k) = insert (Suc k) (atMost k)"
unfolding atMost_def by (auto simp add: less_Suc_eq order_le_less)
lemma UN_atMost_UNIV: "(⋃m::nat. atMost m) = UNIV"
by blast
subsubsection ‹The Constant \<^term>‹atLeastLessThan››
text‹The orientation of the following 2 rules is tricky. The lhs is
defined in terms of the rhs. Hence the chosen orientation makes sense
in this theory --- the reverse orientation complicates proofs (eg
nontermination). But outside, when the definition of the lhs is rarely
used, the opposite orientation seems preferable because it reduces a
specific concept to a more general one.›
lemma atLeast0LessThan [code_abbrev]: "{0::nat..<n} = {..<n}"
by(simp add:lessThan_def atLeastLessThan_def)
lemma atLeast0AtMost [code_abbrev]: "{0..n::nat} = {..n}"
by(simp add:atMost_def atLeastAtMost_def)
lemma lessThan_atLeast0: "{..<n} = {0::nat..<n}"
by (simp add: atLeast0LessThan)
lemma atMost_atLeast0: "{..n} = {0::nat..n}"
by (simp add: atLeast0AtMost)
lemma atLeastLessThan0: "{m..<0::nat} = {}"
by (simp add: atLeastLessThan_def)
lemma atLeast0_lessThan_Suc: "{0..<Suc n} = insert n {0..<n}"
by (simp add: atLeast0LessThan lessThan_Suc)
lemma atLeast0_lessThan_Suc_eq_insert_0: "{0..<Suc n} = insert 0 (Suc ` {0..<n})"
by (simp add: atLeast0LessThan lessThan_Suc_eq_insert_0)
subsubsection ‹The Constant \<^term>‹atLeastAtMost››
lemma Icc_eq_insert_lb_nat: "m ≤ n ⟹ {m..n} = insert m {Suc m..n}"
by auto
lemma atLeast0_atMost_Suc:
"{0..Suc n} = insert (Suc n) {0..n}"
by (simp add: atLeast0AtMost atMost_Suc)
lemma atLeast0_atMost_Suc_eq_insert_0:
"{0..Suc n} = insert 0 (Suc ` {0..n})"
by (simp add: atLeast0AtMost atMost_Suc_eq_insert_0)
subsubsection ‹Intervals of nats with \<^term>‹Suc››
text‹Not a simprule because the RHS is too messy.›
lemma atLeastLessThanSuc:
"{m..<Suc n} = (if m ≤ n then insert n {m..<n} else {})"
by (auto simp add: atLeastLessThan_def)
lemma atLeastLessThan_singleton [simp]: "{m..<Suc m} = {m}"
by (auto simp add: atLeastLessThan_def)
lemma atLeastLessThanSuc_atLeastAtMost: "{l..<Suc u} = {l..u}"
by (simp add: lessThan_Suc_atMost atLeastAtMost_def atLeastLessThan_def)
lemma atLeastSucAtMost_greaterThanAtMost: "{Suc l..u} = {l<..u}"
by (simp add: atLeast_Suc_greaterThan atLeastAtMost_def
greaterThanAtMost_def)
lemma atLeastSucLessThan_greaterThanLessThan: "{Suc l..<u} = {l<..<u}"
by (simp add: atLeast_Suc_greaterThan atLeastLessThan_def
greaterThanLessThan_def)
lemma atLeastAtMostSuc_conv: "m ≤ Suc n ⟹ {m..Suc n} = insert (Suc n) {m..n}"
by auto
lemma atLeastAtMost_insertL: "m ≤ n ⟹ insert m {Suc m..n} = {m ..n}"
by auto
text ‹The analogous result is useful on \<^typ>‹int›:›
lemma atLeastAtMostPlus1_int_conv:
"m ≤ 1+n ⟹ {m..1+n} = insert (1+n) {m..n::int}"
by (auto intro: set_eqI)
lemma atLeastLessThan_add_Un: "i ≤ j ⟹ {i..<j+k} = {i..<j} ∪ {j..<j+k::nat}"
by (induct k) (simp_all add: atLeastLessThanSuc)
subsubsection ‹Intervals and numerals›
lemma lessThan_nat_numeral:
"lessThan (numeral k :: nat) = insert (pred_numeral k) (lessThan (pred_numeral k))"
by (simp add: numeral_eq_Suc lessThan_Suc)
lemma atMost_nat_numeral:
"atMost (numeral k :: nat) = insert (numeral k) (atMost (pred_numeral k))"
by (simp add: numeral_eq_Suc atMost_Suc)
lemma atLeastLessThan_nat_numeral:
"atLeastLessThan m (numeral k :: nat) =
(if m ≤ (pred_numeral k) then insert (pred_numeral k) (atLeastLessThan m (pred_numeral k))
else {})"
by (simp add: numeral_eq_Suc atLeastLessThanSuc)
subsubsection ‹Image›
context linordered_semidom
begin
lemma image_add_atLeast[simp]: "plus k ` {i..} = {k + i..}"
proof -
have "n = k + (n - k)" if "i + k ≤ n" for n
proof -
have "n = (n - (k + i)) + (k + i)" using that
by (metis add_commute le_add_diff_inverse)
then show "n = k + (n - k)"
by (metis local.add_diff_cancel_left' add_assoc add_commute)
qed
then show ?thesis
by (fastforce simp: add_le_imp_le_diff add.commute)
qed
lemma image_add_atLeastAtMost [simp]:
"plus k ` {i..j} = {i + k..j + k}" (is "?A = ?B")
proof
show "?A ⊆ ?B"
by (auto simp add: ac_simps)
next
show "?B ⊆ ?A"
proof
fix n
assume "n ∈ ?B"
then have "i ≤ n - k"
by (simp add: add_le_imp_le_diff)
have "n = n - k + k"
proof -
from ‹n ∈ ?B› have "n = n - (i + k) + (i + k)"
by simp
also have "… = n - k - i + i + k"
by (simp add: algebra_simps)
also have "… = n - k + k"
using ‹i ≤ n - k› by simp
finally show ?thesis .
qed
moreover have "n - k ∈ {i..j}"
using ‹n ∈ ?B›
by (auto simp: add_le_imp_le_diff add_le_add_imp_diff_le)
ultimately show "n ∈ ?A"
by (simp add: ac_simps)
qed
qed
lemma image_add_atLeastAtMost' [simp]:
"(λn. n + k) ` {i..j} = {i + k..j + k}"
by (simp add: add.commute [of _ k])
lemma image_add_atLeastLessThan [simp]:
"plus k ` {i..<j} = {i + k..<j + k}"
by (simp add: image_set_diff atLeastLessThan_eq_atLeastAtMost_diff ac_simps)
lemma image_add_atLeastLessThan' [simp]:
"(λn. n + k) ` {i..<j} = {i + k..<j + k}"
by (simp add: add.commute [of _ k])
lemma image_add_greaterThanAtMost[simp]: "(+) c ` {a<..b} = {c + a<..c + b}"
by (simp add: image_set_diff greaterThanAtMost_eq_atLeastAtMost_diff ac_simps)
end
context ordered_ab_group_add
begin
lemma
fixes x :: 'a
shows image_uminus_greaterThan[simp]: "uminus ` {x<..} = {..<-x}"
and image_uminus_atLeast[simp]: "uminus ` {x..} = {..-x}"
proof safe
fix y assume "y < -x"
hence *: "x < -y" using neg_less_iff_less[of "-y" x] by simp
have "- (-y) ∈ uminus ` {x<..}"
by (rule imageI) (simp add: *)
thus "y ∈ uminus ` {x<..}" by simp
next
fix y assume "y ≤ -x"
have "- (-y) ∈ uminus ` {x..}"
by (rule imageI) (use ‹y ≤ -x›[THEN le_imp_neg_le] in ‹simp›)
thus "y ∈ uminus ` {x..}" by simp
qed simp_all
lemma
fixes x :: 'a
shows image_uminus_lessThan[simp]: "uminus ` {..<x} = {-x<..}"
and image_uminus_atMost[simp]: "uminus ` {..x} = {-x..}"
proof -
have "uminus ` {..<x} = uminus ` uminus ` {-x<..}"
and "uminus ` {..x} = uminus ` uminus ` {-x..}" by simp_all
thus "uminus ` {..<x} = {-x<..}" and "uminus ` {..x} = {-x..}"
by (simp_all add: image_image
del: image_uminus_greaterThan image_uminus_atLeast)
qed
lemma
fixes x :: 'a
shows image_uminus_atLeastAtMost[simp]: "uminus ` {x..y} = {-y..-x}"
and image_uminus_greaterThanAtMost[simp]: "uminus ` {x<..y} = {-y..<-x}"
and image_uminus_atLeastLessThan[simp]: "uminus ` {x..<y} = {-y<..-x}"
and image_uminus_greaterThanLessThan[simp]: "uminus ` {x<..<y} = {-y<..<-x}"
by (simp_all add: atLeastAtMost_def greaterThanAtMost_def atLeastLessThan_def
greaterThanLessThan_def image_Int[OF inj_uminus] Int_commute)
lemma image_add_atMost[simp]: "(+) c ` {..a} = {..c + a}"
by (auto intro!: image_eqI[where x="x - c" for x] simp: algebra_simps)
end
lemma image_Suc_atLeastAtMost [simp]:
"Suc ` {i..j} = {Suc i..Suc j}"
using image_add_atLeastAtMost [of 1 i j]
by (simp only: plus_1_eq_Suc) simp
lemma image_Suc_atLeastLessThan [simp]:
"Suc ` {i..<j} = {Suc i..<Suc j}"
using image_add_atLeastLessThan [of 1 i j]
by (simp only: plus_1_eq_Suc) simp
corollary image_Suc_atMost:
"Suc ` {..n} = {1..Suc n}"
by (simp add: atMost_atLeast0 atLeastLessThanSuc_atLeastAtMost)
corollary image_Suc_lessThan:
"Suc ` {..<n} = {1..n}"
by (simp add: lessThan_atLeast0 atLeastLessThanSuc_atLeastAtMost)
lemma image_diff_atLeastAtMost [simp]:
fixes d::"'a::linordered_idom" shows "((-) d ` {a..b}) = {d-b..d-a}"
proof
show "{d - b..d - a} ⊆ (-) d ` {a..b}"
proof
fix x
assume "x ∈ {d - b..d - a}"
then have "d - x ∈ {a..b}" and "x = d - (d - x)"
by auto
then show "x ∈ (-) d ` {a..b}"
by (rule rev_image_eqI)
qed
qed(auto)
lemma image_diff_atLeastLessThan [simp]:
fixes a b c::"'a::linordered_idom"
shows "(-) c ` {a..<b} = {c - b<..c - a}"
proof -
have "(-) c ` {a..<b} = (+) c ` uminus ` {a ..<b}"
unfolding image_image by simp
also have "… = {c - b<..c - a}" by simp
finally show ?thesis by simp
qed
lemma image_minus_const_greaterThanAtMost[simp]:
fixes a b c::"'a::linordered_idom"
shows "(-) c ` {a<..b} = {c - b..<c - a}"
proof -
have "(-) c ` {a<..b} = (+) c ` uminus ` {a<..b}"
unfolding image_image by simp
also have "… = {c - b..<c - a}" by simp
finally show ?thesis by simp
qed
lemma image_minus_const_atLeast[simp]:
fixes a c::"'a::linordered_idom"
shows "(-) c ` {a..} = {..c - a}"
proof -
have "(-) c ` {a..} = (+) c ` uminus ` {a ..}"
unfolding image_image by simp
also have "… = {..c - a}" by simp
finally show ?thesis by simp
qed
lemma image_minus_const_AtMost[simp]:
fixes b c::"'a::linordered_idom"
shows "(-) c ` {..b} = {c - b..}"
proof -
have "(-) c ` {..b} = (+) c ` uminus ` {..b}"
unfolding image_image by simp
also have "… = {c - b..}" by simp
finally show ?thesis by simp
qed
lemma image_minus_const_atLeastAtMost' [simp]:
"(λt. t-d)`{a..b} = {a-d..b-d}" for d::"'a::linordered_idom"
by (metis (no_types, lifting) diff_conv_add_uminus image_add_atLeastAtMost' image_cong)
context linordered_field
begin
lemma image_mult_atLeastAtMost [simp]:
"((*) d ` {a..b}) = {d*a..d*b}" if "d>0"
using that
by (auto simp: field_simps mult_le_cancel_right intro: rev_image_eqI [where x="x/d" for x])
lemma image_divide_atLeastAtMost [simp]:
"((λc. c / d) ` {a..b}) = {a/d..b/d}" if "d>0"
proof -
from that have "inverse d > 0"
by simp
with image_mult_atLeastAtMost [of "inverse d" a b]
have "(*) (inverse d) ` {a..b} = {inverse d * a..inverse d * b}"
by blast
moreover have "(*) (inverse d) = (λc. c / d)"
by (simp add: fun_eq_iff field_simps)
ultimately show ?thesis
by simp
qed
lemma image_mult_atLeastAtMost_if:
"(*) c ` {x .. y} =
(if c > 0 then {c * x .. c * y} else if x ≤ y then {c * y .. c * x} else {})"
proof (cases "c = 0 ∨ x > y")
case True
then show ?thesis
by auto
next
case False
then have "x ≤ y"
by auto
from False consider "c < 0"| "c > 0"
by (auto simp add: neq_iff)
then show ?thesis
proof cases
case 1
have "(*) c ` {x..y} = {c * y..c * x}"
proof (rule set_eqI)
fix d
from 1 have "inj (λz. z / c)"
by (auto intro: injI)
then have "d ∈ (*) c ` {x..y} ⟷ d / c ∈ (λz. z div c) ` (*) c ` {x..y}"
by (subst inj_image_mem_iff) simp_all
also have "… ⟷ d / c ∈ {x..y}"
using 1 by (simp add: image_image)
also have "… ⟷ d ∈ {c * y..c * x}"
by (auto simp add: field_simps 1)
finally show "d ∈ (*) c ` {x..y} ⟷ d ∈ {c * y..c * x}" .
qed
with ‹x ≤ y› show ?thesis
by auto
qed (simp add: mult_left_mono_neg)
qed
lemma image_mult_atLeastAtMost_if':
"(λx. x * c) ` {x..y} =
(if x ≤ y then if c > 0 then {x * c .. y * c} else {y * c .. x * c} else {})"
using image_mult_atLeastAtMost_if [of c x y] by (auto simp add: ac_simps)
lemma image_affinity_atLeastAtMost:
"((λx. m * x + c) ` {a..b}) = (if {a..b} = {} then {}
else if 0 ≤ m then {m * a + c .. m * b + c}
else {m * b + c .. m * a + c})"
proof -
have *: "(λx. m * x + c) = ((λx. x + c) ∘ (*) m)"
by (simp add: fun_eq_iff)
show ?thesis by (simp only: * image_comp [symmetric] image_mult_atLeastAtMost_if)
(auto simp add: mult_le_cancel_left)
qed
lemma image_affinity_atLeastAtMost_diff:
"((λx. m*x - c) ` {a..b}) = (if {a..b}={} then {}
else if 0 ≤ m then {m*a - c .. m*b - c}
else {m*b - c .. m*a - c})"
using image_affinity_atLeastAtMost [of m "-c" a b]
by simp
lemma image_affinity_atLeastAtMost_div:
"((λx. x/m + c) ` {a..b}) = (if {a..b}={} then {}
else if 0 ≤ m then {a/m + c .. b/m + c}
else {b/m + c .. a/m + c})"
using image_affinity_atLeastAtMost [of "inverse m" c a b]
by (simp add: field_class.field_divide_inverse algebra_simps inverse_eq_divide)
lemma image_affinity_atLeastAtMost_div_diff:
"((λx. x/m - c) ` {a..b}) = (if {a..b}={} then {}
else if 0 ≤ m then {a/m - c .. b/m - c}
else {b/m - c .. a/m - c})"
using image_affinity_atLeastAtMost_diff [of "inverse m" c a b]
by (simp add: field_class.field_divide_inverse algebra_simps inverse_eq_divide)
end
lemma atLeast1_lessThan_eq_remove0:
"{Suc 0..<n} = {..<n} - {0}"
by auto
lemma atLeast1_atMost_eq_remove0:
"{Suc 0..n} = {..n} - {0}"
by auto
lemma image_add_int_atLeastLessThan:
"(λx. x + (l::int)) ` {0..<u-l} = {l..<u}"
by safe auto
lemma image_minus_const_atLeastLessThan_nat:
fixes c :: nat
shows "(λi. i - c) ` {x ..< y} =
(if c < y then {x - c ..< y - c} else if x < y then {0} else {})"
(is "_ = ?right")
proof safe
fix a assume a: "a ∈ ?right"
show "a ∈ (λi. i - c) ` {x ..< y}"
proof cases
assume "c < y" with a show ?thesis
by (auto intro!: image_eqI[of _ _ "a + c"])
next
assume "¬ c < y" with a show ?thesis
by (auto intro!: image_eqI[of _ _ x] split: if_split_asm)
qed
qed auto
lemma image_int_atLeastLessThan:
"int ` {a..<b} = {int a..<int b}"
by (auto intro!: image_eqI [where x = "nat x" for x])
lemma image_int_atLeastAtMost:
"int ` {a..b} = {int a..int b}"
by (auto intro!: image_eqI [where x = "nat x" for x])
subsubsection ‹Finiteness›
lemma finite_lessThan [iff]: fixes k :: nat shows "finite {..<k}"
by (induct k) (simp_all add: lessThan_Suc)
lemma finite_atMost [iff]: fixes k :: nat shows "finite {..k}"
by (induct k) (simp_all add: atMost_Suc)
lemma finite_greaterThanLessThan [iff]:
fixes l :: nat shows "finite {l<..<u}"
by (simp add: greaterThanLessThan_def)
lemma finite_atLeastLessThan [iff]:
fixes l :: nat shows "finite {l..<u}"
by (simp add: atLeastLessThan_def)
lemma finite_greaterThanAtMost [iff]:
fixes l :: nat shows "finite {l<..u}"
by (simp add: greaterThanAtMost_def)
lemma finite_atLeastAtMost [iff]:
fixes l :: nat shows "finite {l..u}"
by (simp add: atLeastAtMost_def)
text ‹A bounded set of natural numbers is finite.›
lemma bounded_nat_set_is_finite: "(∀i∈N. i < (n::nat)) ⟹ finite N"
by (rule finite_subset [OF _ finite_lessThan]) auto
text ‹A set of natural numbers is finite iff it is bounded.›
lemma finite_nat_set_iff_bounded:
"finite(N::nat set) = (∃m. ∀n∈N. n<m)" (is "?F = ?B")
proof
assume f:?F show ?B
using Max_ge[OF ‹?F›, simplified less_Suc_eq_le[symmetric]] by blast
next
assume ?B show ?F using ‹?B› by(blast intro:bounded_nat_set_is_finite)
qed
lemma finite_nat_set_iff_bounded_le: "finite(N::nat set) = (∃m. ∀n∈N. n≤m)"
unfolding finite_nat_set_iff_bounded
by (blast dest:less_imp_le_nat le_imp_less_Suc)
lemma finite_less_ub:
"⋀f::nat⇒nat. (!!n. n ≤ f n) ⟹ finite {n. f n ≤ u}"
by (rule finite_subset[of _ "{..u}"])
(auto intro: order_trans)
lemma bounded_Max_nat:
fixes P :: "nat ⇒ bool"
assumes x: "P x" and M: "⋀x. P x ⟹ x ≤ M"
obtains m where "P m" "⋀x. P x ⟹ x ≤ m"
proof -
have "finite {x. P x}"
using M finite_nat_set_iff_bounded_le by auto
then have "Max {x. P x} ∈ {x. P x}"
using Max_in x by auto
then show ?thesis
by (simp add: ‹finite {x. P x}› that)
qed
text‹Any subset of an interval of natural numbers the size of the
subset is exactly that interval.›
lemma subset_card_intvl_is_intvl:
assumes "A ⊆ {k..<k + card A}"
shows "A = {k..<k + card A}"
proof (cases "finite A")
case True
from this and assms show ?thesis
proof (induct A rule: finite_linorder_max_induct)
case empty thus ?case by auto
next
case (insert b A)
hence *: "b ∉ A" by auto
with insert have "A ≤ {k..<k + card A}" and "b = k + card A"
by fastforce+
with insert * show ?case by auto
qed
next
case False
with assms show ?thesis by simp
qed
subsubsection ‹Proving Inclusions and Equalities between Unions›
lemma UN_le_eq_Un0:
"(⋃i≤n::nat. M i) = (⋃i∈{1..n}. M i) ∪ M 0" (is "?A = ?B")
proof
show "?A ⊆ ?B"
proof
fix x assume "x ∈ ?A"
then obtain i where i: "i≤n" "x ∈ M i" by auto
show "x ∈ ?B"
proof(cases i)
case 0 with i show ?thesis by simp
next
case (Suc j) with i show ?thesis by auto
qed
qed
next
show "?B ⊆ ?A" by fastforce
qed
lemma UN_le_add_shift:
"(⋃i≤n::nat. M(i+k)) = (⋃i∈{k..n+k}. M i)" (is "?A = ?B")
proof
show "?A ⊆ ?B" by fastforce
next
show "?B ⊆ ?A"
proof
fix x assume "x ∈ ?B"
then obtain i where i: "i ∈ {k..n+k}" "x ∈ M(i)" by auto
hence "i-k≤n ∧ x ∈ M((i-k)+k)" by auto
thus "x ∈ ?A" by blast
qed
qed
lemma UN_le_add_shift_strict:
"(⋃i<n::nat. M(i+k)) = (⋃i∈{k..<n+k}. M i)" (is "?A = ?B")
proof
show "?B ⊆ ?A"
proof
fix x assume "x ∈ ?B"
then obtain i where i: "i ∈ {k..<n+k}" "x ∈ M(i)" by auto
then have "i - k < n ∧ x ∈ M((i-k) + k)" by auto
then show "x ∈ ?A" using UN_le_add_shift by blast
qed
qed (fastforce)
lemma UN_UN_finite_eq: "(⋃n::nat. ⋃i∈{0..<n}. A i) = (⋃n. A n)"
by (auto simp add: atLeast0LessThan)
lemma UN_finite_subset:
"(⋀n::nat. (⋃i∈{0..<n}. A i) ⊆ C) ⟹ (⋃n. A n) ⊆ C"
by (subst UN_UN_finite_eq [symmetric]) blast
lemma UN_finite2_subset:
assumes "⋀n::nat. (⋃i∈{0..<n}. A i) ⊆ (⋃i∈{0..<n + k}. B i)"
shows "(⋃n. A n) ⊆ (⋃n. B n)"
proof (rule UN_finite_subset, rule subsetI)
fix n and a
from assms have "(⋃i∈{0..<n}. A i) ⊆ (⋃i∈{0..<n + k}. B i)" .
moreover assume "a ∈ (⋃i∈{0..<n}. A i)"
ultimately have "a ∈ (⋃i∈{0..<n + k}. B i)" by blast
then show "a ∈ (⋃i. B i)" by (auto simp add: UN_UN_finite_eq)
qed
lemma UN_finite2_eq:
assumes "(⋀n::nat. (⋃i∈{0..<n}. A i) = (⋃i∈{0..<n + k}. B i))"
shows "(⋃n. A n) = (⋃n. B n)"
proof (rule subset_antisym [OF UN_finite_subset UN_finite2_subset])
fix n
show "⋃ (A ` {0..<n}) ⊆ (⋃n. B n)"
using assms by auto
next
fix n
show "⋃ (B ` {0..<n}) ⊆ ⋃ (A ` {0..<n + k})"
using assms by (force simp add: atLeastLessThan_add_Un [of 0])+
qed
subsubsection ‹Cardinality›
lemma card_lessThan [simp]: "card {..<u} = u"
by (induct u, simp_all add: lessThan_Suc)
lemma card_atMost [simp]: "card {..u} = Suc u"
by (simp add: lessThan_Suc_atMost [THEN sym])
lemma card_atLeastLessThan [simp]: "card {l..<u} = u - l"
proof -
have "(λx. x + l) ` {..<u - l} ⊆ {l..<u}"
by auto
moreover have "{l..<u} ⊆ (λx. x + l) ` {..<u-l}"
proof
fix x
assume *: "x ∈ {l..<u}"
then have "x - l ∈ {..< u -l}"
by auto
then have "(x - l) + l ∈ (λx. x + l) ` {..< u -l}"
by auto
then show "x ∈ (λx. x + l) ` {..<u - l}"
using * by auto
qed
ultimately have "{l..<u} = (λx. x + l) ` {..<u-l}"
by auto
then have "card {l..<u} = card {..<u-l}"
by (simp add: card_image inj_on_def)
then show ?thesis
by simp
qed
lemma card_atLeastAtMost [simp]: "card {l..u} = Suc u - l"
by (subst atLeastLessThanSuc_atLeastAtMost [THEN sym], simp)
lemma card_greaterThanAtMost [simp]: "card {l<..u} = u - l"
by (subst atLeastSucAtMost_greaterThanAtMost [THEN sym], simp)
lemma card_greaterThanLessThan [simp]: "card {l<..<u} = u - Suc l"
by (subst atLeastSucLessThan_greaterThanLessThan [THEN sym], simp)
lemma subset_eq_atLeast0_lessThan_finite:
fixes n :: nat
assumes "N ⊆ {0..<n}"
shows "finite N"
using assms finite_atLeastLessThan by (rule finite_subset)
lemma subset_eq_atLeast0_atMost_finite:
fixes n :: nat
assumes "N ⊆ {0..n}"
shows "finite N"
using assms finite_atLeastAtMost by (rule finite_subset)
lemma ex_bij_betw_nat_finite:
"finite M ⟹ ∃h. bij_betw h {0..<card M} M"
apply(drule finite_imp_nat_seg_image_inj_on)
apply(auto simp:atLeast0LessThan[symmetric] lessThan_def[symmetric] card_image bij_betw_def)
done
lemma ex_bij_betw_finite_nat:
"finite M ⟹ ∃h. bij_betw h M {0..<card M}"
by (blast dest: ex_bij_betw_nat_finite bij_betw_inv)
lemma finite_same_card_bij:
"finite A ⟹ finite B ⟹ card A = card B ⟹ ∃h. bij_betw h A B"
apply(drule ex_bij_betw_finite_nat)
apply(drule ex_bij_betw_nat_finite)
apply(auto intro!:bij_betw_trans)
done
lemma ex_bij_betw_nat_finite_1:
"finite M ⟹ ∃h. bij_betw h {1 .. card M} M"
by (rule finite_same_card_bij) auto
lemma bij_betw_iff_card:
assumes "finite A" "finite B"
shows "(∃f. bij_betw f A B) ⟷ (card A = card B)"
proof
assume "card A = card B"
moreover obtain f where "bij_betw f A {0 ..< card A}"
using assms ex_bij_betw_finite_nat by blast
moreover obtain g where "bij_betw g {0 ..< card B} B"
using assms ex_bij_betw_nat_finite by blast
ultimately have "bij_betw (g ∘ f) A B"
by (auto simp: bij_betw_trans)
thus "(∃f. bij_betw f A B)" by blast
qed (auto simp: bij_betw_same_card)
lemma subset_eq_atLeast0_lessThan_card:
fixes n :: nat
assumes "N ⊆ {0..<n}"
shows "card N ≤ n"
proof -
from assms finite_lessThan have "card N ≤ card {0..<n}"
using card_mono by blast
then show ?thesis by simp
qed
text ‹Relational version of @{thm [source] card_inj_on_le}:›
lemma card_le_if_inj_on_rel:
assumes "finite B"
"⋀a. a ∈ A ⟹ ∃b. b∈B ∧ r a b"
"⋀a1 a2 b. ⟦ a1 ∈ A; a2 ∈ A; b ∈ B; r a1 b; r a2 b ⟧ ⟹ a1 = a2"
shows "card A ≤ card B"
proof -
let ?P = "λa b. b ∈ B ∧ r a b"
let ?f = "λa. SOME b. ?P a b"
have 1: "?f ` A ⊆ B" by (auto intro: someI2_ex[OF assms(2)])
have "inj_on ?f A"
unfolding inj_on_def
proof safe
fix a1 a2 assume asms: "a1 ∈ A" "a2 ∈ A" "?f a1 = ?f a2"
have 0: "?f a1 ∈ B" using "1" ‹a1 ∈ A› by blast
have 1: "r a1 (?f a1)" using someI_ex[OF assms(2)[OF ‹a1 ∈ A›]] by blast
have 2: "r a2 (?f a1)" using someI_ex[OF assms(2)[OF ‹a2 ∈ A›]] asms(3) by auto
show "a1 = a2" using assms(3)[OF asms(1,2) 0 1 2] .
qed
with 1 show ?thesis using card_inj_on_le[of ?f A B] assms(1) by simp
qed
lemma inj_on_funpow_least:
‹inj_on (λk. (f ^^ k) s) {0..<n}›
if ‹(f ^^ n) s = s› ‹⋀m. 0 < m ⟹ m < n ⟹ (f ^^ m) s ≠ s›
proof -
{ fix k l assume A: "k < n" "l < n" "k ≠ l" "(f ^^ k) s = (f ^^ l) s"
define k' l' where "k' = min k l" and "l' = max k l"
with A have A': "k' < l'" "(f ^^ k') s = (f ^^ l') s" "l' < n"
by (auto simp: min_def max_def)
have "s = (f ^^ ((n - l') + l')) s" using that ‹l' < n› by simp
also have "… = (f ^^ (n - l')) ((f ^^ l') s)" by (simp add: funpow_add)
also have "(f ^^ l') s = (f ^^ k') s" by (simp add: A')
also have "(f ^^ (n - l')) … = (f ^^ (n - l' + k')) s" by (simp add: funpow_add)
finally have "(f ^^ (n - l' + k')) s = s" by simp
moreover have "n - l' + k' < n" "0 < n - l' + k'"using A' by linarith+
ultimately have False using that(2) by auto
}
then show ?thesis by (intro inj_onI) auto
qed
subsection ‹Intervals of integers›
lemma atLeastLessThanPlusOne_atLeastAtMost_int: "{l..<u+1} = {l..(u::int)}"
by (auto simp add: atLeastAtMost_def atLeastLessThan_def)
lemma atLeastPlusOneAtMost_greaterThanAtMost_int: "{l+1..u} = {l<..(u::int)}"
by (auto simp add: atLeastAtMost_def greaterThanAtMost_def)
lemma atLeastPlusOneLessThan_greaterThanLessThan_int:
"{l+1..<u} = {l<..<u::int}"
by (auto simp add: atLeastLessThan_def greaterThanLessThan_def)
subsubsection ‹Finiteness›
lemma image_atLeastZeroLessThan_int:
assumes "0 ≤ u"
shows "{(0::int)..<u