Israeli UAV descrambling with AntiSky

In January 2016, The Intercept published a report about a classified GCHQ/NSA project code-named "Anarchist", based on classified NSA and GCHQ documents leaked by Edward Snowden. It describes an eavesdropping operation on radio channels used by the Israeli military to control military UAVs, possibly received on Cyprus at Troodos Station. One of the classified documents revealed is a 3-page note titled "ISUAV video descrambling" that describes how to use AntiSky, including command-line options, to descramble an analog video-camera feed from such a drone.

Video-camera feeds from UAVs are still commonly implemented using analog television standards. Analog modulation has several critical advantages over digital encodings, such as MPEG: very low latency, graceful degradation of image quality with dropping SNR, and very fast recovery after loss of signal. However, there have been reports of opponents successfully using analog television receivers to intercept such analog video transmissions from drones for tactical advantage, and so it is not surprising that a drone operator might attempt to apply scrambling techniques designed for analog pay-TV video signals in this environment. VideoCrypt was developed by an Israeli company, News Datacom, so it is perhaps also not surprising that the Israeli military deployed their technology in such drones.

When I read the "Anarchist" coverage, I was of course intrigued, but not completely surprised. I had heard rumours before that a variant of VideoCrypt had been looked at by the Israeli military, and I also once received a vague anonymous hint, presumably from someone in the signal-intelligence community, along the lines of "you might be surprised how relevant your work on VideoCrypt back in 1994 still is today".

Markus Kuhn

References

  1. Cora Currier, Henrik Moltke: Spies in the sky -- Israeli Drone Feeds Hacked By British and American Intelligence. The Intercept, 28 January 2016.
  2. Significant TRF TROODOS stories over past 6 months, Snowden Revelations, Cryptome, created 2012-01-01, released 2016-01-29.
  3. ISUAV video descrambling. Version 1.0, GCHQ. [author name redacted]
  4. Batsheva Sobelman: ISRAEL: Hezbollah news conference brings truth on botched Lebanon raid. Blog post, Los Angeles Times, 7 November 2010.