Theory List_Sublist

(*  Title:      HOL/Imperative_HOL/ex/List_Sublist.thy
    Author:     Lukas Bulwahn, TU Muenchen
*)

section ‹Slices of lists›

theory List_Sublist
imports "HOL-Library.Multiset"
begin

lemma nths_split: "i ≤ j ∧ j ≤ k ⟹ nths xs {i..<j} @ nths xs {j..<k} = nths xs {i..<k}" 
apply (induct xs arbitrary: i j k)
apply simp
apply (simp only: nths_Cons)
apply simp
apply safe
apply simp
apply (erule_tac x="0" in meta_allE)
apply (erule_tac x="j - 1" in meta_allE)
apply (erule_tac x="k - 1" in meta_allE)
apply (subgoal_tac "0 ≤ j - 1 ∧ j - 1 ≤ k - 1")
apply simp
apply (subgoal_tac "{ja. Suc ja < j} = {0..<j - Suc 0}")
apply (subgoal_tac "{ja. j ≤ Suc ja ∧ Suc ja < k} = {j - Suc 0..<k - Suc 0}")
apply (subgoal_tac "{j. Suc j < k} = {0..<k - Suc 0}")
apply simp
apply fastforce
apply fastforce
apply fastforce
apply fastforce
apply (erule_tac x="i - 1" in meta_allE)
apply (erule_tac x="j - 1" in meta_allE)
apply (erule_tac x="k - 1" in meta_allE)
apply (subgoal_tac " {ja. i ≤ Suc ja ∧ Suc ja < j} = {i - 1 ..<j - 1}")
apply (subgoal_tac " {ja. j ≤ Suc ja ∧ Suc ja < k} = {j - 1..<k - 1}")
apply (subgoal_tac "{j. i ≤ Suc j ∧ Suc j < k} = {i - 1..<k - 1}")
apply (subgoal_tac " i - 1 ≤ j - 1 ∧ j - 1 ≤ k - 1")
apply simp
apply fastforce
apply fastforce
apply fastforce
apply fastforce
done

lemma nths_update1: "i ∉ inds ⟹ nths (xs[i := v]) inds = nths xs inds"
apply (induct xs arbitrary: i inds)
apply simp
apply (case_tac i)
apply (simp add: nths_Cons)
apply (simp add: nths_Cons)
done

lemma nths_update2: "i ∈ inds ⟹ nths (xs[i := v]) inds = (nths xs inds)[(card {k ∈ inds. k < i}):= v]"
proof (induct xs arbitrary: i inds)
  case Nil thus ?case by simp
next
  case (Cons x xs)
  thus ?case
  proof (cases i)
    case 0 with Cons show ?thesis by (simp add: nths_Cons)
  next
    case (Suc i')
    with Cons show ?thesis
      apply simp
      apply (simp add: nths_Cons)
      apply auto
      apply (auto simp add: nat.split)
      apply (simp add: card_less_Suc[symmetric])
      apply (simp add: card_less_Suc2)
      done
  qed
qed

lemma nths_update: "nths (xs[i := v]) inds = (if i ∈ inds then (nths xs inds)[(card {k ∈ inds. k < i}) := v] else nths xs inds)"
by (simp add: nths_update1 nths_update2)

lemma nths_take: "nths xs {j. j < m} = take m xs"
apply (induct xs arbitrary: m)
apply simp
apply (case_tac m)
apply simp
apply (simp add: nths_Cons)
done

lemma nths_take': "nths xs {0..<m} = take m xs"
apply (induct xs arbitrary: m)
apply simp
apply (case_tac m)
apply simp
apply (simp add: nths_Cons nths_take)
done

lemma nths_all[simp]: "nths xs {j. j < length xs} = xs"
apply (induct xs)
apply simp
apply (simp add: nths_Cons)
done

lemma nths_all'[simp]: "nths xs {0..<length xs} = xs"
apply (induct xs)
apply simp
apply (simp add: nths_Cons)
done

lemma nths_single: "a < length xs ⟹ nths xs {a} = [xs ! a]"
apply (induct xs arbitrary: a)
apply simp
apply(case_tac aa)
apply simp
apply (simp add: nths_Cons)
apply simp
apply (simp add: nths_Cons)
done

lemma nths_is_Nil: "∀i ∈ inds. i ≥ length xs ⟹ nths xs inds = []" 
apply (induct xs arbitrary: inds)
apply simp
apply (simp add: nths_Cons)
apply auto
apply (erule_tac x="{j. Suc j ∈ inds}" in meta_allE)
apply auto
done

lemma nths_Nil': "nths xs inds = [] ⟹ ∀i ∈ inds. i ≥ length xs"
apply (induct xs arbitrary: inds)
apply simp
apply (simp add: nths_Cons)
apply (auto split: if_splits)
apply (erule_tac x="{j. Suc j ∈ inds}" in meta_allE)
apply (case_tac x, auto)
done

lemma nths_Nil[simp]: "(nths xs inds = []) = (∀i ∈ inds. i ≥ length xs)"
apply (induct xs arbitrary: inds)
apply simp
apply (simp add: nths_Cons)
apply auto
apply (erule_tac x="{j. Suc j ∈ inds}" in meta_allE)
apply (case_tac x, auto)
done

lemma nths_eq_subseteq: " ⟦ inds' ⊆ inds; nths xs inds = nths ys inds ⟧ ⟹ nths xs inds' = nths ys inds'"
apply (induct xs arbitrary: ys inds inds')
apply simp
apply (drule sym, rule sym)
apply (simp add: nths_Nil, fastforce)
apply (case_tac ys)
apply (simp add: nths_Nil, fastforce)
apply (auto simp add: nths_Cons)
apply (erule_tac x="list" in meta_allE)
apply (erule_tac x="{j. Suc j ∈ inds}" in meta_allE)
apply (erule_tac x="{j. Suc j ∈ inds'}" in meta_allE)
apply fastforce
apply (erule_tac x="list" in meta_allE)
apply (erule_tac x="{j. Suc j ∈ inds}" in meta_allE)
apply (erule_tac x="{j. Suc j ∈ inds'}" in meta_allE)
apply fastforce
done

lemma nths_eq: "⟦ ∀i ∈ inds. ((i < length xs) ∧ (i < length ys)) ∨ ((i ≥ length xs ) ∧ (i ≥ length ys)); ∀i ∈ inds. xs ! i = ys ! i ⟧ ⟹ nths xs inds = nths ys inds"
apply (induct xs arbitrary: ys inds)
apply simp
apply (rule sym, simp add: nths_Nil)
apply (case_tac ys)
apply (simp add: nths_Nil)
apply (auto simp add: nths_Cons)
apply (erule_tac x="list" in meta_allE)
apply (erule_tac x="{j. Suc j ∈ inds}" in meta_allE)
apply fastforce
apply (erule_tac x="list" in meta_allE)
apply (erule_tac x="{j. Suc j ∈ inds}" in meta_allE)
apply fastforce
done

lemma nths_eq_samelength: "⟦ length xs = length ys; ∀i ∈ inds. xs ! i = ys ! i ⟧ ⟹ nths xs inds = nths ys inds"
by (rule nths_eq, auto)

lemma nths_eq_samelength_iff: "length xs = length ys ⟹ (nths xs inds = nths ys inds) = (∀i ∈ inds. xs ! i = ys ! i)"
apply (induct xs arbitrary: ys inds)
apply simp
apply (rule sym, simp add: nths_Nil)
apply (case_tac ys)
apply (simp add: nths_Nil)
apply (auto simp add: nths_Cons)
apply (case_tac i)
apply auto
apply (case_tac i)
apply auto
done

section ‹Another nths function›

function nths' :: "nat ⇒ nat ⇒ 'a list ⇒ 'a list"
where
  "nths' n m [] = []"
| "nths' n 0 xs = []"
| "nths' 0 (Suc m) (x#xs) = (x#nths' 0 m xs)"
| "nths' (Suc n) (Suc m) (x#xs) = nths' n m xs"
by pat_completeness auto
termination by lexicographic_order

subsection ‹Proving equivalence to the other nths command›

lemma nths'_nths: "nths' n m xs = nths xs {j. n ≤ j ∧ j < m}"
apply (induct xs arbitrary: n m)
apply simp
apply (case_tac n)
apply (case_tac m)
apply simp
apply (simp add: nths_Cons)
apply (case_tac m)
apply simp
apply (simp add: nths_Cons)
done


lemma "nths' n m xs = nths xs {n..<m}"
apply (induct xs arbitrary: n m)
apply simp
apply (case_tac n, case_tac m)
apply simp
apply simp
apply (simp add: nths_take')
apply (case_tac m)
apply simp
apply (simp add: nths_Cons nths'_nths)
done


subsection ‹Showing equivalence to use of drop and take for definition›

lemma "nths' n m xs = take (m - n) (drop n xs)"
apply (induct xs arbitrary: n m)
apply simp
apply (case_tac m)
apply simp
apply (case_tac n)
apply simp
apply simp
done

subsection ‹General lemma about nths›

lemma nths'_Nil[simp]: "nths' i j [] = []"
by simp

lemma nths'_Cons[simp]: "nths' i (Suc j) (x#xs) = (case i of 0 ⇒ (x # nths' 0 j xs) | Suc i' ⇒  nths' i' j xs)"
by (cases i) auto

lemma nths'_Cons2[simp]: "nths' i j (x#xs) = (if (j = 0) then [] else ((if (i = 0) then [x] else []) @ nths' (i - 1) (j - 1) xs))"
apply (cases j)
apply auto
apply (cases i)
apply auto
done

lemma nths_n_0: "nths' n 0 xs = []"
by (induct xs, auto)

lemma nths'_Nil': "n ≥ m ⟹ nths' n m xs = []"
apply (induct xs arbitrary: n m)
apply simp
apply (case_tac m)
apply simp
apply (case_tac n)
apply simp
apply simp
done

lemma nths'_Nil2: "n ≥ length xs ⟹ nths' n m xs = []"
apply (induct xs arbitrary: n m)
apply simp
apply (case_tac m)
apply simp
apply (case_tac n)
apply simp
apply simp
done

lemma nths'_Nil3: "(nths' n m xs = []) = ((n ≥ m) ∨ (n ≥ length xs))"
apply (induct xs arbitrary: n m)
apply simp
apply (case_tac m)
apply simp
apply (case_tac n)
apply simp
apply simp
done

lemma nths'_notNil: "⟦ n < length xs; n < m ⟧ ⟹ nths' n m xs ≠ []"
apply (induct xs arbitrary: n m)
apply simp
apply (case_tac m)
apply simp
apply (case_tac n)
apply simp
apply simp
done

lemma nths'_single: "n < length xs ⟹ nths' n (Suc n) xs = [xs ! n]"
apply (induct xs arbitrary: n)
apply simp
apply simp
apply (case_tac n)
apply (simp add: nths_n_0)
apply simp
done

lemma nths'_update1: "i ≥ m ⟹ nths' n m (xs[i:=v]) = nths' n m xs"
apply (induct xs arbitrary: n m i)
apply simp
apply simp
apply (case_tac i)
apply simp
apply simp
done

lemma nths'_update2: "i < n ⟹ nths' n m (xs[i:=v]) = nths' n m xs"
apply (induct xs arbitrary: n m i)
apply simp
apply simp
apply (case_tac i)
apply simp
apply simp
done

lemma nths'_update3: "⟦n ≤ i; i < m⟧ ⟹ nths' n m (xs[i := v]) = (nths' n m xs)[i - n := v]"
proof (induct xs arbitrary: n m i)
  case Nil thus ?case by auto
next
  case (Cons x xs)
  thus ?case
    apply -
    apply auto
    apply (cases i)
    apply auto
    apply (cases i)
    apply auto
    done
qed

lemma "⟦ nths' i j xs = nths' i j ys; n ≥ i; m ≤ j ⟧ ⟹ nths' n m xs = nths' n m ys"
proof (induct xs arbitrary: i j ys n m)
  case Nil
  thus ?case
    apply -
    apply (rule sym, drule sym)
    apply (simp add: nths'_Nil)
    apply (simp add: nths'_Nil3)
    apply arith
    done
next
  case (Cons x xs i j ys n m)
  note c = this
  thus ?case
  proof (cases m)
    case 0 thus ?thesis by (simp add: nths_n_0)
  next
    case (Suc m')
    note a = this
    thus ?thesis
    proof (cases n)
      case 0 note b = this
      show ?thesis
      proof (cases ys)
        case Nil  with a b Cons.prems show ?thesis by (simp add: nths'_Nil3)
      next
        case (Cons y ys)
        show ?thesis
        proof (cases j)
          case 0 with a b Cons.prems show ?thesis by simp
        next
          case (Suc j') with a b Cons.prems Cons show ?thesis 
            apply -
            apply (simp, rule Cons.hyps [of "0" "j'" "ys" "0" "m'"], auto)
            done
        qed
      qed
    next
      case (Suc n')
      show ?thesis
      proof (cases ys)
        case Nil with Suc a Cons.prems show ?thesis by (auto simp add: nths'_Nil3)
      next
        case (Cons y ys) with Suc a Cons.prems show ?thesis
          apply -
          apply simp
          apply (cases j)
          apply simp
          apply (cases i)
          apply simp
          apply (rule_tac j="nat" in Cons.hyps [of "0" _ "ys" "n'" "m'"])
          apply simp
          apply simp
          apply simp
          apply simp
          apply (rule_tac i="nata" and j="nat" in Cons.hyps [of _ _ "ys" "n'" "m'"])
          apply simp
          apply simp
          apply simp
          done
      qed
    qed
  qed
qed

lemma length_nths': "j ≤ length xs ⟹ length (nths' i j xs) = j - i"
by (induct xs arbitrary: i j, auto)

lemma nths'_front: "⟦ i < j; i < length xs ⟧ ⟹ nths' i j xs = xs ! i # nths' (Suc i) j xs"
apply (induct xs arbitrary: i j)
apply simp
apply (case_tac j)
apply simp
apply (case_tac i)
apply simp
apply simp
done

lemma nths'_back: "⟦ i < j; j ≤ length xs ⟧ ⟹ nths' i j xs = nths' i (j - 1) xs @ [xs ! (j - 1)]"
apply (induct xs arbitrary: i j)
apply simp
apply simp
done

(* suffices that j ≤ length xs and length ys *) 
lemma nths'_eq_samelength_iff: "length xs = length ys ⟹ (nths' i j xs  = nths' i j ys) = (∀i'. i ≤ i' ∧ i' < j ⟶ xs ! i' = ys ! i')"
proof (induct xs arbitrary: ys i j)
  case Nil thus ?case by simp
next
  case (Cons x xs)
  thus ?case
    apply -
    apply (cases ys)
    apply simp
    apply simp
    apply auto
    apply (case_tac i', auto)
    apply (erule_tac x="Suc i'" in allE, auto)
    apply (erule_tac x="i' - 1" in allE, auto)
    apply (erule_tac x="Suc i'" in allE, auto)
    done
qed

lemma nths'_all[simp]: "nths' 0 (length xs) xs = xs"
by (induct xs, auto)

lemma nths'_nths': "nths' n m (nths' i j xs) = nths' (i + n) (min (i + m) j) xs" 
by (induct xs arbitrary: i j n m) (auto simp add: min_diff)

lemma nths'_append: "⟦ i ≤ j; j ≤ k ⟧ ⟹(nths' i j xs) @ (nths' j k xs) = nths' i k xs"
by (induct xs arbitrary: i j k) auto

lemma nth_nths': "⟦ k < j - i; j ≤ length xs ⟧ ⟹ (nths' i j xs) ! k = xs ! (i + k)"
apply (induct xs arbitrary: i j k)
apply simp
apply (case_tac k)
apply auto
done

lemma set_nths': "set (nths' i j xs) = {x. ∃k. i ≤ k ∧ k < j ∧ k < List.length xs ∧ x = xs ! k}"
apply (simp add: nths'_nths)
apply (simp add: set_nths)
apply auto
done

lemma all_in_set_nths'_conv: "(∀j. j ∈ set (nths' l r xs) ⟶ P j) = (∀k. l ≤ k ∧ k < r ∧ k < List.length xs ⟶ P (xs ! k))"
unfolding set_nths' by blast

lemma ball_in_set_nths'_conv: "(∀j ∈ set (nths' l r xs). P j) = (∀k. l ≤ k ∧ k < r ∧ k < List.length xs ⟶ P (xs ! k))"
unfolding set_nths' by blast


lemma mset_nths:
assumes l_r: "l ≤ r ∧ r ≤ List.length xs"
assumes left: "∀ i. i < l ⟶ (xs::'a list) ! i = ys ! i"
assumes right: "∀ i. i ≥ r ⟶ (xs::'a list) ! i = ys ! i"
assumes multiset: "mset xs = mset ys"
  shows "mset (nths' l r xs) = mset (nths' l r ys)"
proof -
  from l_r have xs_def: "xs = (nths' 0 l xs) @ (nths' l r xs) @ (nths' r (List.length xs) xs)" (is "_ = ?xs_long") 
    by (simp add: nths'_append)
  from multiset have length_eq: "List.length xs = List.length ys" by (rule mset_eq_length)
  with l_r have ys_def: "ys = (nths' 0 l ys) @ (nths' l r ys) @ (nths' r (List.length ys) ys)" (is "_ = ?ys_long") 
    by (simp add: nths'_append)
  from xs_def ys_def multiset have "mset ?xs_long = mset ?ys_long" by simp
  moreover
  from left l_r length_eq have "nths' 0 l xs = nths' 0 l ys"
    by (auto simp add: length_nths' nth_nths' intro!: nth_equalityI)
  moreover
  from right l_r length_eq have "nths' r (List.length xs) xs = nths' r (List.length ys) ys"
    by (auto simp add: length_nths' nth_nths' intro!: nth_equalityI)
  ultimately show ?thesis by (simp add: mset_append)
qed


end