Consonants (Pulmonic) Bilabial Labiodental Dental Alveolar Postalveolar Retroflex Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyngeal Glottal Plosive p b t d ʈ ɖ c ɟ k ɡ q ɢ ʔ Nasal m ɱ n ɳ ɲ ŋ ɴ Trill ʙ r ʀ Tap/Flap ɾ ɽ Fricative ɸ β f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ ʂ ʐ ç ʝ x ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ h ɦ Lat. fricative ɬ ɮ Approximant ʋ ɹ ɻ j ɰ Lateral approximant l ɭ ʎ ʟ Consonants (non-pulmonic) Clicks Voiced implosives Ejectives ʘ Bilabial ɓ Bilabial ʼ as in: ǀ Dental ɗ Dental/alveolar pʼ Bilabial ǃ Alveolar (retroflex) ʄ Palatal tʼ Dental/aveolar ǂ Palatoaveolar (alveolar) ɠ Velar kʼ Velar ǁ Aveolar lateral (lateral) ʛ Uvular sʼ Alveolar fricative Suprasegmantals ˈ Primary stress ˌ Secondary stress ː Long ˑ Half-long ˘ Extra-short . Syllable break Vowels Front Central Back Close i y ɨ ʉ ɯ u ɪ ʏ ʊ Close-mid e ø ɘ ɵ ɤ o Mid ə Open-mid ɛ œ ɜ ɞ ʌ ɔ æ ɐ Open a ɶ ɑ ɒ Other Symbols ʍ Voiceless labial-velar fricative w Voiced labial-velar fricative ɥ Voiced labial-platal approximant ʢ Voiceless epiglottal fricative ʡ Voiced epiglottal fricative ɕ, ʑ Alveolo-palatal fricatives ɺ Alveolar lateral flap ɧ Simeltaneous ʃ and x