Attacks are presented on the IBM 4758 CCA (the first ever security module to have achieved all round FIPS140-1 Level 4 certification) and the Visa Security Module. Two new attack principles are demonstrated. Related key attacks use known or chosen differences between two cryptographic keys. Data protected with one key can then be abused by manipulation using the other key. Meet in the middle attacks work by generating a large number of unknown keys of the same type, thus reducing the key space that must be searched to discover the value of one of the keys in the type. Design heuristics are presented to avoid these attacks and other common errors.