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Discrete Mathematics
Lecturer: Dr P. Robinson
(pr@cl.cam.ac.uk)
No. of lectures: 16 (Continued into Lent Term)
This course is a prerequisite for Introduction to Security (Part IB), Information Theory and Coding (Part II) and Security (Part II).
Aims
This course will develop the idea of formal proof by way of examples
involving simple objects such as integers and sets. The material
enables academic study of Computer Science and will be promoted with
examples from the analysis of algorithms and cryptography.
Lectures
Part A. Integers
- Proof.
Deduction, contradiction. Integers, mathematical induction. [2 lectures]
- Factors.
Division: highest common factors and least common multiples. Euclid's
algorithm: solution in integers of ax+by=c, the complexity of
Euclid's algorithm. Euclid's proof of the infinity of primes.
Existence and uniqueness of prime factorisation. Irrationality of
;
brief discussion of rational and algebraic numbers.
[3 lectures]
- Modular arithmetic.
Solving congruences. Units modulo m, Euler's totient function.
Wilson's theorem. Chinese remainder theorem. The Fermat-Euler
theorems. Public key cryptography. [3 lectures]
Part B. Sets, functions and relations.
- Sets, subsets and Boolean operations.
Indicator (characteristic) functions and their algebra. Principle of
inclusion-exclusion, with applications to Euler's function. Boolean
logic. [2 lectures]
- Binary relations.
Composition of relations. Equivalence relations and quotients of sets.
Closures and Warshall's algorithm. Partial orders and total
orders. Hasse diagrams. Well-founded relations and well
ordering. Structural induction. [3 lectures]
- Functions.
Injective, surjective and bijective functions. Numbers of such
functions between sets. Sorting. The Schröder-Bernstein theorem.
Countability. A countable union of countable sets is countable. The
uncountability of R. Existence of transcendental numbers. [3 lectures]
Objectives
On completing the course, students should be able to
- write a clear statement of a problem as a theorem in mathematical
notation
- prove and disprove assertions using a variety of techniques
- describe, analyse and use Euclid's algorithm
- explain and apply prime factorisation
- perform calculations with modular arithmetic
- use number theory to explain public key cryptography
- analyse problems using set theory
- explain and use the principle of inclusion and exclusion
- recognise relations and discuss their properties
- describe and analyse Warshall's algorithm
- state, prove and apply the Schröder-Bernstein theorem
- differentiate countable and uncountable sets
Recommended books
Biggs, N.L. (1989). Discrete Mathematics. Oxford University Press.
Conway, J.H. & Guy, R.K. (1996). The Book of
Numbers. Springer-Verlag.
Davenport, H. (1992). The Higher Arithmetic. Cambridge
University Press (6th ed.).
Giblin, P. (1993). Primes and Programming. Cambridge University
Press.
Graham, R.L., Knuth, D.E. & Patashnik, O. (1994). Concrete
Mathematics. Addison-Wesley (2nd ed.).
Humphreys, J.F. & Prest, M.Y. (1989). Numbers, Groups and
Codes. Cambridge University Press.
Mattson, H.F. Jr (1993). Discrete Mathematics. Wiley.
Nissanke, N. (1999). Introductory Logic and Sets for Computer
Scientists. Addison-Wesley.
Pólya, G. (1980). How to Solve It. Penguin.
Rosen, K.H. (1999). Discrete Mathematics and its Applications.
McGraw-Hill (4th ed.).
Next: Lent Term 2000: Part
Up: Michaelmas Term 1999: Part
Previous: Computer Perspectives (50% option
Christine Northeast
Mon Sep 20 10:28:43 BST 1999